Impacts of Transportation Routes on Landscape Diversity: A Comparison of Different Route Types and Their Combined Effects

A comparison of different transportation route types and their combined effects on landscape diversity was conducted within Tiaoxi watershed (China) between 1994 and 2005. Buffer analysis and Mann–Kendall’s test were used to quantify the relationships between distance from transportation routes (railway, highway, national, and provincial road) and a family of landscape diversity parameters (Simpson’s diversity index, Simpson’s evenness index, Shannon’s diversity index, and Shannon’s evenness index). One-way ANOVA was further applied to compare influences from different route types and their combined effects. Five other landscape metrics (patch density, edge density, area-weighted mean shape index, connectance index, and Euclidean nearest neighbor distance) were also calculated to analyze the associations between landscape diversity and landscape pattern characteristics. Results showed that transportation routes exerted significant impacts on landscape diversity. Impact from railway was comparable to that from highway and national road but was more significant than that from provincial road. The spatial influential range of railway and national road was wider than that of highway and provincial road. Combined effects of routes were nonlinear, and impacts from different route types were more complex than those from the same type. The four landscape diversity metrics were comparably effective at the buffer zone scale. In addition, landscape diversity can be alternatively used to indicate fragmentation, connectivity, and isolation at route buffer scale. This study demonstrates an applicable approach to quantitatively characterize the impacts from transportation routes on landscape patterns and has potential to facilitate route network planning.     

关于水泥窑SO_2排放量的物料衡算

分析了广东试行的水泥窑ＳＯ２排放量物料衡算的必要性及其衡算方法的片面性；提出水泥窑ＳＯ２排放量物料衡算计算公式的建议     

中国环境保护法与俄罗斯联邦环境保护法的对比

环境保护法律是国家经济健康发展及人与自然和谐相处的基本社会制度.中国经济的发展和人口的增加在许多地区已超出了环境容量.在环境状况日益恶化的情况下,不断完善和健全环境保护法律显得尤为重要.中国的环境保护法与俄罗斯的环境保护法在环境的定义、环境保护的内容与措施、科研教育与宣传、执行与监督机构以及法律框架等方面进行了对比、分析,作为借鉴,提出了增加人与环境和谐相处内容、改革环境保护管理体制、加强执法力度等进-步完善中国环境保护法律的建议.     

清洁生产审核过程中敏感问题分析

清洁生产审核工作能否得到被审核组织接受、认可，从而顺利、深入实施，在一定程度上取决于审核机构对审核过程中敏感问题的解答。通过对审核过程中经常遇到的敏感问题的分析与解答，为审核机构完善审核相关理论体系，提供参考与借鉴。     

利用210Pb测年法探讨临海工程建设对厦门同安湾沉积速率的影响

采用铅-210地质年代学方法分析了厦门同安湾自高集海堤及其它临海工程兴建以来的淤积现象。结果表明:陆续的临海工程兴建,尤其是高集海堤修建,海湾水动力条件明显变化,致使整个海湾基本上处于接受沉积状况;沉积速率明显增加;近海堤主航道的淤积超过了海湾东、西、南三侧岸滩。     

苏南中生代侵入岩的地球化学特征

苏南中生代侵入岩成因类型分属于长江系列、江南系列和苏州式,长江系列和江南系列为Ⅰ型,苏州式为A型。前两者相容元素和Sr、Ba含量高;LREE'/HREE'比值为2.01—10.27,为轻稀土富集型,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化型式为右倾至中凹,δEu值为1.20—0.73,表明是由上地幔或下地壳物质经部分熔融而形成。而苏州式:高电价大半经阳离子Nb、Ta、Zr和Rb、F、Cl含量高,稀土含量也高,LREE'/HREE'值为1.14—2.33,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化型式为“V”型,δEu值为0.24—0.14,是下地壳物质经部分熔融后又经历了较强的分离结晶作用而形成。     

内蒙古阴山北麓丘陵区生态农业模式建设的研究——以化德县七号乡小公勿素村为例

本文通过对内蒙古化德县七号乡小公勿素村几个生态模式系统结构、产业结构、系统功能及畜草平衡的分析，提出在内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错带进行生态经济型农业建设的途径和农业可持续发展的系统结构与模式。     

论民国时期河南灾荒的社会成因

民国年间河南灾荒现象异常突出,虽与当时整体气候背景及河南特殊的地理特征相关,但灾荒背后的社会原因更应引起我们的关注。其主要表现为:一、社会经济乏力,百姓抗灾能力低;二、政治腐败,体现在政府的赋税名目繁多、政府官员失职渎职以及挪用、贪污河防公款等几个方面;三、战争与灾荒;四、帝国主义列强对中国的残酷掠夺。     

水泥工业大气污染与防治的几个问题

对不同类型水泥窑的ＳＯ２及ＮＯｘ污染与防治进行讨论；指出水泥厂粉尘污染监控及收尘设备选用方面的问题。