首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   886篇
  免费   95篇
  国内免费   243篇
安全科学   52篇
废物处理   55篇
环保管理   77篇
综合类   439篇
基础理论   190篇
污染及防治   303篇
评价与监测   38篇
社会与环境   20篇
灾害及防治   50篇
  2024年   9篇
  2023年   26篇
  2022年   57篇
  2021年   37篇
  2020年   23篇
  2019年   30篇
  2018年   34篇
  2017年   38篇
  2016年   37篇
  2015年   54篇
  2014年   62篇
  2013年   77篇
  2012年   84篇
  2011年   74篇
  2010年   63篇
  2009年   57篇
  2008年   58篇
  2007年   63篇
  2006年   62篇
  2005年   45篇
  2004年   26篇
  2003年   24篇
  2002年   24篇
  2001年   18篇
  2000年   17篇
  1999年   18篇
  1998年   14篇
  1997年   17篇
  1996年   11篇
  1995年   13篇
  1994年   7篇
  1993年   13篇
  1992年   8篇
  1991年   4篇
  1989年   3篇
  1988年   6篇
  1987年   5篇
  1986年   2篇
  1982年   1篇
  1981年   2篇
  1962年   1篇
排序方式: 共有1224条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
881.
对农村剩余污泥的脱水性能进行调查,并通过单因素和全面实验法分别对几种药剂的单一和复合调理进行优化。运用响应面法优化不同调理剂组合调理农村剩余污泥的搅拌参数。实验结果表明:不同农村污水处理设施剩余污泥的脱水性能存在较大差异。单一和复合药剂调理都可以明显降低污泥的脱水性能。优化搅拌速度和搅拌时间可以进一步降低污泥的毛细吸水时间(CST)。通过实验对比多种调理剂组合,发现最佳组合为聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)组合,搅拌参数为:一级搅拌速度为500 r/min,一级搅拌时间为0.5 min,二级搅拌速度为150 r/min,二级搅拌时间为10 min。该条件下,污泥的CST为10.1 s,调理总费用为10.69元/t污泥(98%含水率)。  相似文献   
882.
    
Sustainable development has become society's focal point. In this context, China's paper industry needs to be more concerned about a low-carbon strategy. Therefore, a carbon performance evaluation system must be built to guide the low-carbon enterprise transformation. Based on the carbon value flow analysis, this study takes JX Paper (a paper-making enterprise) as an example to construct a carbon performance evaluation system consisting of carbon input, transfer, and output indicators. The quantitative and qualitative index weights were determined through a principal component analysis and an analytical hierarchy process. The overall carbon performance increased from 2012 to 2021, but room remains for improvement. These results show that the performance evaluation system provides a helpful reference for enterprises to identify the key factors affecting carbon emissions and evaluate their carbon performance. Moreover, objective criteria should be developed to improve sustainable enterprise carbon performance and low-carbon competitiveness.  相似文献   
883.
    
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Metal nanoparticles have found applications in many fields such as molecular diagnostics, electronic devices and environmental remediation. Nonetheless,...  相似文献   
884.
污水处理厂是向水环境中传播抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)的热点。与城镇污水相比,工业园区废水成分复杂、污染物浓度高,更有利于ARGs的增殖和扩散。为探究不同类型废水环境的ARGs组成特征和潜在的传播风险,采用宏基因组学技术分别对城镇生活污水处理系统(W1-SD)、工业园区废水处理系统(W1-SI)和2个城镇综合污水处理系统(W2-LH1和W2-LH2)进行取样调查。结果显示,多重耐药类、磺胺类、氨基糖苷类和杆菌肽类抗性基因是废水环境中的主要耐药类型,Ⅰ型整合子、转座酶基因等可移动遗传元件(MGEs)对sul1aadAereA等基因亚型的增殖扩散发挥了关键作用,通过序列分型发现质粒型ARGs的相对丰度更高,尤其是在进水样品中,氨基糖苷类和磺胺类等抗性基因是主要的质粒型ARGs;污水处理过程削减了ARGs多样性,且经过二次沉淀工艺,ARGs丰度均明显降低,但在W1-SI和W2-LH2中,后续的深度处理工艺又使ARGs丰度升高;与城镇污水处理系统相比,W1-SI的ARGs组成更为稳定,最终排水中富集了较高丰度的质粒型ARGs,同时识别到了高频率的潜在水平基因转移事件和2条携带多种抗性基因的重叠群序列(contigs),表明工业园区废水排放具有更高的ARGs传播风险。本研究丰富了不同类型废水环境耐药基因组的已有认知,为有效管控废水排放特别是工业园区废水排放的健康风险提供了科学依据。  相似文献   
885.
    
● Microplastic (MP) abundance in soil of China was highly heterogeneous. ● MP abundance was higher near large rivers and central land affected by monsoons. ● MP abundance was correlated with longitude, mulching film, and average temperature. ● Factors suitable for predicting MP pollution using models were discussed. Microplastics (MPs) are found worldwide in high abundance, posing a potential threat to ecosystems. Despite the ubiquity of MPs in the environment, very little is known about the regional distribution of MPs and underlying factors affecting this distribution in the field, which likely include human activity, but also features of the environment itself. Here, out of a total of 1157 datapoints investigated in 53 Chinese studies, 9.68% datapoints were removed as outliers in the heterogeneity analysis. This review revealed that the abundance of MPs was highly heterogeneous. In addition, microplastic (MP) distribution maps based on China demonstrated that the highest abundance of MPs tended to occur near large rivers and central land affected by the intersection of two monsoons. The model-fitting and previous studies showed that MP abundance in China was correlated with longitude, agricultural mulching film usage per capita, temperature, and precipitation. However, due to the heterogeneity of MPs and the low matching degree between the current environmental data and the sampling points, this pattern was not as evident as reported in any single study. Factors affecting the distribution of MPs can not be captured by linear relationships alone, and systematic selection of suitable environmental factors and further model optimization are needed to explore the cause of MP pollution in soil. Overall, this review revealed an uneven distribution of MPs and serves as a reference for model prediction to assess and control plastic pollution in natural soil environments.  相似文献   
886.
    
1,2-diketone-based naphthalimide has emerged as an important electron-withdrawing building block in the synthesis of organic semiconductor assemblies for a wide range of applications. The reaction with different diamine derivatives enables the formation of pyrazine linkers which promotes planarity and rigidity of the naphthalimide-based semiconductors, therefore tunning their electronic structure and processability. Despite the significant use of this versatile building block to generate flat and rigid assemblies, the correlation between rigidity and dimensionality in these systems and their photocatalytic activity remains unexplored so far. Herein, with the aim to modulate the photocatalytic activity of these materials, a new family of assemblies with different dimensionality end-capped with naphthalimide moieties are developed in which one ( NIPB ), three ( 3NIPT ), and four ( 4NIPTM ) units have been selectively introduced. The good processability of these novel semiconductors combined with their suitable energy levels allows their application as photo-electrocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes and for water splitting. The derivative with the highest dimensionality, 4NIPTM , shows higher photo-electrocatalytic activity and lower charge transfer resistance than that of conventional semiconductors (such as TiO2 and C3N4), reaching photocurrents up to 20 µA cm−2.  相似文献   
887.
    
In smart agriculture, lots of sensors are widely distributed in farmland with a complex environment. The methods of powering these sensors have attracted extensive attention, of which harvesting the breeze energy abundant in farmland is a good way. Herein, the triboelectric nanogenerator with blade-enclosed structure (BE-TENG) is proposed to enhance the durability and robustness. The device achieves a low start-up wind speed of 1.5 m/s due to the structure based on the horizontal axis wind wheel and can output an open-circuit voltage of 360 V. Importantly, after 10 hours of continuous operation, the voltage signal of the BE-TENG has almost no attenuation, and its output performance can maintain stability even in a high humidity environment of 90%, showing strong durability and robustness. Experiments show that under breeze conditions, the BE-TENG can drive almost 600 light-emitting diodes and successfully power a soil temperature sensor. In addition, it can drive a hygrothermograph in a simulated rainfall environment, realizing the monitoring of ambient temperature and humidity. This work can convert breeze energy in farmland into electricity needed for agricultural sensors, which provides a new strategy for distributed energy supply required for smart agriculture.  相似文献   
888.
双酚类化合物(bisphenols,BPs)是合成碳酸聚酯、环氧树脂和聚丙烯酸酯等高分子聚合物的主要原料,在商业制造中广泛使用。经过度排放污染环境,并能通过食物链放大作用在动物和人体内蓄积。已经在水体、底泥、室内灰尘、食品以及动物和人体内检测到双酚A (bisphenol A,BPA)及其替代品或衍生物等多种BPs。BPs对性激素、甲状腺素和神经内分泌系统具有干扰效应,能影响机体生殖功能、性腺发育、神经行为和激素依赖性疾病的发展,已经成为危害人体健康的风险因子。多种BPA替代品的内分泌干扰效应甚至比BPA更强,但缺乏全面的内分泌干扰效应评估数据和对作用机制的深入研究。本文对BPs种类来源、污染现状及其内分泌干扰效应进行综述。  相似文献   
889.
流域水生态完整性从生物、物理和化学3个方面综合描述生态系统的结构和功能,是近年来生态环境管理的研究热点。物理生境完整性评价作为水生态完整性评价中的重要组成部分,能够直观反映水生态的健康状况,受到的关注日益增多。相较于生物完整性评价和化学完整性评价,我国关于物理生境完整性评价的研究起步较晚,尚未形成完善的指标体系和评价方法。因此,亟需开展物理生境完整性评价技术体系研究。本研究借鉴发达国家流域物理生境完整性评价方法的基础上,结合我国水生态环境管理形势,提出了我国物理生境完整性评价的指标体系和评价方法。研究结果可为我国的物理生境完整性评价和环境管理提供技术支撑。  相似文献   
890.
中国大多数城市尚未出台室内控烟法令,导致公共环境室内吸烟行为较为普遍,对室内空气质量和相关风险人群的健康造成了严重危害。目前仍缺乏研究表征吸烟引发的室内空气污染及其动态变化特征,阻碍了控烟政策的制定。本研究基于高时间分辨率在线细颗粒物(PM2.5)和黑碳(BC)监测仪,结合相关风险人群暴露特征调研数据,探究了典型吸烟环境(棋牌室)的室内污染水平、动态变化特征、影响因素和吸烟导致的污染物排放强度及风险人群的额外暴露。结果表明棋牌室日均PM2.5和BC浓度分别为(154±68.9) mg·L-1和(3.7±1.4) mg·L-1,其中营业期间的浓度为非营业期间浓度的6.5倍和2.6倍。PM2.5和BC浓度的室内外比值(I/O)分别为6.3和4.1,表明室内源排放是棋牌室空气污染的主要来源。吸烟可以迅速升高室内PM2.5和BC浓度并产生浓度峰,峰值可达(502±111) mg·L-1和(8.5±2.9) mg·L-1。吸烟导致棋牌室PM2.5和BC的排放强度分别为(332±218) mg·L-1·min-1和(3.2±1.8) mg·L-1·min-1,风险人群因吸烟导致的日均PM2.5和BC的额外暴露分别为74.5 mg·L-1和0.67 mg·L-1,年均额外暴露分别为21.3 mg·L-1和0.19 mg·L-1,表明室内吸烟引发的额外暴露会导致严重的健康风险。本研究为吸烟导致的室内空气污染提供了基础数据,研究结果可为控烟政策制定提供科学支撑。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号