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571.
Häring Ivo Fehling-Kaschek Mirjam Miller Natalie Faist Katja Ganter Sebastian Srivastava Kushal Jain Aishvarya Kumar Fischer Georg Fischer Kai Finger Jörg Stolz Alexander Leismann Tobias Hiermaier Stefan Carli Marco Battisti Federica Makri Rodoula Celozzi Giuseppe Belesioti Maria Sfakianakis Evangelos Agrafioti Evita Chalkidou Anastasia Papadakis George Fuggini Clemente Bolletta Fabio Neri Alberto Giunta Guiseppe Scheithauer Hermann Höflinger Fabian Schott Dominik J. Schindelhauer Christian Köhler Sven Linkov Igor 《The Environmentalist》2021,41(2):286-329
Environment Systems and Decisions - Organizational and technical approaches have proven successful in increasing the performance and preventing risks at socio-technical systems at all scales.... 相似文献
572.
Poddar Nanda Das Susmita Dhar Subham Mondal Kajal Kumar 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2021,21(5):1069-1090
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Predicting the evolution of environmental dispersion of settling particles in wetland flows has a wide range of applications in ecological engineering. In the... 相似文献
573.
Yueqi Jiang Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Shuchang Liu Aijun Shi Baoxian Liu Shovan Kumar Sahu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):88
574.
Fluoride contamination in the groundwater has got great attention in last few decades due to their toxicity, persistent capacity and accumulation in human bodies. There are several sources of fluoride in the environment and different pathways to enter in the drinking water resources, which is responsible for potential effect on human health. Presence of high concentration of fluoride ion in groundwater is a major issue and it makes the water unsuitable for drinking purpose. Availability of fluoride in groundwater indicates various geochemical processes and subsurface contamination of a particular area. Fluoride-bearing aquifers, geological factors, rate of weathering, ion-exchange reaction, residence time and leaching of subsurface contaminants are major responsible factors for availability of fluoride in groundwater. In India, several studies have reported that the groundwater of several states are contaminated with high fluoride. The undesirable level of fluoride in groundwater is one of the most natural groundwater quality problem, which affects large portion of arid and semiarid regions of India. Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and West Bengal are the relatively high-fluoride-contaminated states in India. Chronic ingestion of high doses of fluoride-rich water leads to fluorosis on human and animal. Over 66 million Indian populations are at risk due to excess fluoride-contaminated water. Therefore, groundwater contamination subject to undesirable level of fluoride needs urgent attention to understand the role of geochemistry, hydrogeology and climatic factors along with anthropogenic inputs in fluoride pollution. 相似文献
575.
Sahu Rakesh Kumar Pervez Shamsh Chow Judith C. Watson John G. Tiwari Suresh Panicker Abhilash S. Chakrabarty Rajan K. Pervez Yasmeen Fatima 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):2205-2222
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study describes spatiotemporal patterns from October 2015 to September 2016 for PM2.5 mass and carbon measurements in rural (Kosmarra), urban (Raipur),... 相似文献
576.
Mritunjay Kumar Singh Sultana Begam Chandan Kumar Thakur Vijay P. Singh 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2018,18(5):1121-1142
This study derives an analytical solution of the advection–dispersion (AD) equation commonly used to describe the transport of pollutants in a semi-infinite homogeneous aquifer. When an extra constant source term is added to the AD equation, it changes the solution of the equation. The AD equation is solved analytically using Laplace transform. Also, the equation is solved numerically using an explicit finite difference method and its stability condition is presented with the aid of matrix method. For the solution of the AD equation the following considerations are made: (1) The dispersion and velocity are considered as time-dependent; (2) dispersion is expressed as directly proportional to the square of velocity; (3) there is also diffusion; (4) there is some initial concentration and the aquifer domain is, therefore, not pollutant-free; (5) There is a time-dependent exponentially decreasing input source; and (6) the concentration gradient is assumed to be zero at the exit boundary. It is found that the contaminant concentration decreases with time contrary to what happens when the extra term is not included. 相似文献
577.
Bhawana Jain Ajaya Kumar Singh Hyunook Kim Eric Lichtfouse Virender K. Sharma 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):947-967
Nowadays, the water ecosystem is being polluted due to the rapid industrialization and massive use of antibiotics, fertilizers, cosmetics, paints, and other chemicals. Chemical oxidation is one of the most applied processes to degrade contaminants in water. However, chemicals are often unable to completely mineralize the pollutants. Enhanced pollutant degradation can be achieved by Fenton reaction and related processes. As a consequence, Fenton reactions have received great attention in the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater effluents. Currently, homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes are being investigated intensively and optimized for applications, either alone or in a combination of other processes. This review presents fundamental chemistry involved in various kinds of homogeneous Fenton reactions, which include classical Fenton, electro-Fenton, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, sono-electro-Fenton, and solar photoelectron-Fenton. In the homogeneous Fenton reaction process, the molar ratio of iron(II) and hydrogen peroxide, and the pH usually determine the effectiveness of removing target pollutants and subsequently their mineralization, monitored by a decrease in levels of total organic carbon or chemical oxygen demand. We present catalysts used in heterogeneous Fenton or Fenton-like reactions, such as H2O2–Fe3+(solid)/nano-zero-valent iron/immobilized iron and electro-Fenton-pyrite. Surface properties of heterogeneous catalysts generally control the efficiency to degrade pollutants. Examples of Fenton reactions are demonstrated to degrade and mineralize a wide range of water pollutants in real industrial wastewaters, such as dyes and phenols. Removal of various antibiotics by homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton reactions is exemplified. 相似文献
578.
Jha MK Choubey PK Jha AK Kumari A Lee JC Kumar V Jeong J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(10):1919-1925
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most essential components of all electrical and electronic equipments, which contain noteworthy quantity of metals, some of which are toxic to life and all of which are valuable resources. Therefore, recycling of PCBs is necessary for the safe disposal/utilization of these metals. Present paper is a part of developing Indo-Korean recycling technique consists of organic swelling pre-treatment technique for the liberation of thin layer of metallic sheet and the treatment of epoxy resin to remove/recover toxic soldering material. To optimize the parameters required for recovery of tin from waste PCBs, initially the bench scale studies were carried out using fresh solder (containing 52.6% Sn and 47.3% Pb) varying the acid concentration, temperature, mixing time and pulp density. The experimental data indicate that 95.79% of tin was leached out from solder material using 5.5M HCl at fixed pulp density 50g/L and temperature 90°C in mixing time 165min. Kinetic studies followed the chemical reaction controlled dense constant size cylindrical particles with activation energy of 117.68kJ/mol. However, 97.79% of tin was found to be leached out from solder materials of liberated swelled epoxy resin using 4.5M HCl at 90°C, mixing time 60min and pulp density 50g/L. From the leach liquor of solder materials of epoxy resin, the precipitate of sodium stannate as value added product was obtained at pH 1.9. The Pb from the leach residue was removed by using 0.1M nitric acid at 90°C in mixing time 45min and pulp density 10g/L. The metal free epoxy resin could be disposed-of safely/used as filling material without affecting the environment. 相似文献
579.
Dhayanithi NB Kumar TT Kathiresan K 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(4):409-412
Marine ornamental fishes are exceedingly valuable due to their high demand in domestic and international markets. There is a growing global interest to rear the fishes in captivity. But problem due to bacteria and fungi are the major hitch in captive condition. Since, the use of antibiotics is banned, an attempt was made to ascertain in vitro assay of the neem leaves extract against the bacterial pathogens isolated from infected fishes. Bacterial strains isolated from infected regions of the clown fishes Amphiprion sebae and A. ocellaris were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp., Streptococcus sp., Vibrio cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and Yersinia enterocolitica. Ethanol and methanol extracts were highly inhibitory to the bacterial isolates when compared to other solvents. Ethanol extracts exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration (75-250 microg ml(-1)) as compared to other extracts. The present finding revealed that the neem leaf extract significantly reduces the bacterial pathogens and their infection in marine ornamental fishes. 相似文献
580.
Accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in soil and plants from fly ash contaminated area 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Singh R Singh DP Kumar N Bhargava SK Barman SC 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(4):421-430
The present investigation deals with the accumulation of heavy metals in fields contaminated with fly ash from a thermal power plant and subsequent uptake in different parts of naturally grown plants. Results revealed that in the contaminated site, the mean level of all the metals (Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe) in soil and different parts (root and shoots) of plant species were found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher than the uncontaminated site. The enrichment factor (EF) of these metals in contaminated soil was found to be in the sequence of Cd (2.33) > Fe (1.88) > Ni (1.58) > Pb (1.42) > Zn (1.31) > Mn (1.27) > Cr (1.11) > Cu (1.10). Whereas, enrichment factor of metals in root and shoot parts, were found to be in the order of Cd (7.56) > Fe (4.75) > Zn (2.79) > Ni (2.22) > Cu (1.69) > Mn (1.53) > Pb (1.31) > Cr (1.02) and Cd (6.06) approximately equal Fe (6.06) > Zn (2.65) > Ni (2.57) > Mn (2.19) > Cu (1.58) > Pb (1.37) > Cr (1.01) respectively. In contaminated site, translocation factor (TF) of metals from root to shoot was found to be in the order of Mn (1.38) > Fe (1.27) > Pb (1.03) > Ni (0.94) > Zn (0.85) > Cd (0.82) > Cr (0.73) and that of the metals Cd with Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe; Cr with Pb, Mn, Fe and Pb with Fe were found to be significantly correlated. The present findings provide us a clue for the selection of plant species, which show natural resistance against toxic metals and are efficient metal accumulators. 相似文献