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21.
An ecological economics approach to the management of a multi-purpose coastal wetland 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
R. K. Turner I. J. Bateman S. Georgiou A. Jones I. H. Langford N. G. N. Matias L. Subramanian 《Regional Environmental Change》2004,4(2-3):86-99
Three interrelated management problems—eutrophication of multiple use shallow lakes, sea level rise and flood risk mitigation and tourism pressures—are analysed in the context of an internationally important wetland area, the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads in the UK. The ecological-economic research findings presented should provide essential information to underpin the regulatory and management process in this internationally important conservation area. The relevant authority somehow has to integrate the maintenance of public navigation rights, nature conservation, and tourism promotion in a highly dynamic ecosystems setting. Because of the stakeholder conflicts, potential and actual, a more inclusionary decision-making procedure is required, and is currently being implemented. 相似文献
22.
Persistent organic pollutants in mangrove food webs in Singapore 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, persistent organic pollutants were quantified in sediments, subsurface seawater, sea-surface microlayer and twenty-four biota species collected at two separate mangrove habitats in Singapore. Data confirmed the ubiquity of POPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in the marine environment of Singapore. A biomagnification phenomenon was observed amongst the species collected and analysed from both mangrove sites studied. Thunder crabs and fish displayed the highest POP levels. Congener profiles of PBDEs varied amongst mangrove biota species and suggested different metabolic pathways exist for flame retardants. Similarly, crab species showed an ability to metabolize chlordane insecticide. 相似文献
23.
24.
Distribution and transportability of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in the Asia-Pacific region using skipjack tuna as a bioindicator 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ueno D Alaee M Marvin C Muir DC Macinnis G Reiner E Crozier P Furdui VI Subramanian A Fillmann G Lam PK Zheng GJ Muchtar M Razak H Prudente M Chung KH Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(1):238-247
The geographical distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was investigated through analysis of muscle tissue of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from offshore waters of Asia-Pacific region (Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Seychelles, Brazil, Japan Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, Indian Ocean and North Pacific Ocean). HBCD was detected in almost all samples analyzed (<0.1 to 45 ng/g lipid weight basis), indicating widespread presence of this compound in the marine environment. Elevated concentrations of HBCD were found in skipjack tuna from areas around Japan, which have the larger modern industrial/urban societies, and implicated these areas as primary regional sources. All three individual HBCD isomers (alpha-, gamma- and beta-HBCD) were detected in almost all samples; the percentage contribution of the alpha-isomer to total HBCD increased with increasing latitude. The estimated empirical 1/2 distance for alpha-HBCD was 8500 km, which is one of the highest atmospheric transportability among various halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 相似文献
25.
D. Karunanidhi G. Vennila M. Suresh S. K. Subramanian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7320-7333
The present work is employed in Omalur Taluk (study area 538.10 km2), Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India. Eighty-nine groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon (May) 2011 and were analyzed for major cations and anions. The irrigational parameters like; EC, Kelley’s ratio, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values, Mg2+ hazards, HCO3 ? and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) have been worked out to know the suitability of the groundwater for irrigational purpose. Wilcox diagram indicates that out of 89 samples, 39 samples belong to good permissible category and Doneen diagram revealed that 98.88 % of the groundwater samples fall in Class I. The plotting of SAR values in USSL diagram indicates that all the samples have low SAR value. Out of 89 samples, 44 samples were in C3-S1 field. This implies that no alkali hazard is anticipated to the crops. In 44 locations (49.44 %), samples fall within C3-S1 category. This category is suitable for irrigation purpose. However, the concentration of bicarbonate was in significant amount showing 82 % of sites under “increasing problem” and the 4 % sites under “Severe Problem” zones. Finally, the above-said results are taken into a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. To understand the spatial distribution of unsuitable zones, ArcGIS was employed. The present work reveals that groundwater in the Omalur Taluk is of good quality and is suitable for all uses including interbrain water transfer in the region. 相似文献
26.
Accumulation features of persistent organochlorines in resident and migratory birds from Asia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kunisue T Watanabe M Subramanian A Sethuraman A Titenko AM Qui V Prudente M Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,125(2):157-172
Concentrations of organochlorine contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined in the resident and migratory birds, which were collected from India, Japan, Philippines, Russia (Lake Baikal) and Vietnam. Accumulation patterns of organochlorine concentrations in resident birds suggested that the predominant contaminants of each country were as follows: Japan--PCBs Philippines--PCBs and CHLs, India--HCHs and DDTs, Vietnam--DDTs, and Lake Baikal--PCBs and DDTs. The migratory birds from Philippines and Vietnam retained mostly the highest concentrations of DDTs among the organochlorines analyzed, indicating the presence of stopover and breeding grounds of those birds in China and Russia. On the other hand, migratory birds from India and Lake Baikal showed different patterns of organochlorine residues, reflecting that each species has inherent migratory routes and thus has exposure to different contaminants. Species which have breeding grounds around the Red Sea and Persian Gulf showed high levels of PCBs, indicating the presence of areas heavily polluted by PCBs in the Middle East. 相似文献
27.
Nature of distribution of mercury in the sediments of the river Yamuna (tributary of the Ganges), India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Subramanian V Madhavan N Saxena R Lundin LC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(3):427-434
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), surface (bed sediments) and short length cores of sediments collected from the largest tributary of the river Ganges, namely the river Yamuna, were analysed for total mercury as well as its fractionation in various size and chemical sites in the sediments following standard procedures. Also, attempts were made to determine the vertical distribution in sediments in relation to the recent timescale of a few decades. Our observations indicate that the SPM in general showed higher levels of total mercury compared to the surface sediments while at places the enhancement could be by a factor of 10, say around 25 microg g(-1) in the downstream region that integrates the industrial midstream and agricultural downstream terrain near its confluence with the Ganges. Surface sediments in the upstream direction near the Himalayan foothills and SPM in the lower reaches showed significant high Index of Geoaccumulation (Igeo) as defined by Müller. Size fractionation studies indicate that the finer fraction preferentially showed higher levels of mercury while in the lower reaches of the river, the total mercury is equitably distributed among all size fractions. The proportion of the residual fraction of mercury in relation to mobile fractions, in general decreases downstream towards its confluence with the Ganges river. In sediment cores, the vertical distribution show systematic peaks of mercury indicating that addition of this toxic metal to the aquatic system is in direct proportion to the increase in various types of human activities such as thermal power plants, land use changes (urbanisation) in the midstream region and intensive fertiliser application in lower reaches of this vast river basin. 相似文献
28.
T. Ramachandramoorthy V. Sivasankar V. Subramanian 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,159(1-4):511-520
Rameswaram–Dhanushkodi coastal tract lies in the south–east of Rameswaram Island, which stretches about 20 km from the Rameswaram proper and occults several historic values. The objective of the present study is to investigate the water quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity (SAL), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CH), magnesium hardness (MH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl), and fluoride (F) during summer and winter seasons of the year 2006. The calculated Langelier Saturation Index values confirm the incrusting ability in most of the groundwater samples. The Water Quality Index values show that the potable quality of groundwater is improved from about 32% to 58%, especially in post-winter. The principal component analysis identifies the dominance of CH, TA, and TH with 33% and 44% in summer and winter, respectively. In addition, Cl is also having dominance in winter. The box plots have depicted asympathy in concentrations of F, TDS, and CH during winter, whereas sympathetic relationship in Cl and MH. Unlike in summer, a good correlation of Cl with the other parameters including SAL, EC, TDS, CH, and TH is observed in the winter. 相似文献
29.
Kunisue T Higaki Y Isobe T Takahashi S Subramanian A Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(2):272-282
The present study determined concentrations and patterns of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in specimens of open sea, and Japanese coastal and inland avian species, which have been stored in the Environmental Specimen Bank of Ehime University (es-Bank), to examine the spatial trends. PBDEs and PCBs were detected in all the muscle samples analyzed, suggesting that PBDE pollution has spread even to the remote open sea areas, as in the case of PCBs. Japanese coastal and inland birds accumulated higher concentrations of PBDEs than open sea birds. In addition, higher PBDE/PCB concentration ratios were observed in Japanese coastal and inland birds than in open sea birds, indicating the input of PBDEs into the Japanese terrestrial environment. Compositions of PBDEs varied among avian species with a predominance of BDE47 or BDE153. This could be due to differences in their habitat, food habit and/or biotransformation capacity of PBDEs. 相似文献
30.
Mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) is a recent development in the environmental research field for the complete destruction of organic pollutants. This study presents the destruction of EDTA by cerium(IV) MEO process in nitric acid medium. The destruction reaction was carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor under various conditions. A simple kinetic model was developed to analyze and simulate the organic destruction in the MEO process. The model was based on the calculation of the total mass balance, the component mass balance, and the energy balance in the reactor and also in the heating jacket. The sensitivity to key operating conditions such as the initial EDTA concentration (50-200 mM), EDTA feeding time (30-180 min), reaction temperature (323-363 K), and the rate laws corresponding to zero-, first-, second-, and third-order reaction were analyzed. It was found that the model simulated agreed well with the experimental data for EDTA oxidation. The results obtained showed the suitability of the MEO process for the effective mineralization of high concentrations of EDTA. 相似文献