Use of life cycle assessment methodology for determining phytoremediation potentials of maize-based cropping systems in fields with nitrogen fertilizer over-dose

Using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we analyzed the effects of different cropping systems (sole maize (CK), maize + soybean (CST) and maize + groundnut (CGT)) on the environment. The comprehensive index of environmental impacts varied in the order, sole maize > maize + groundnut > maize + soybean, with corresponding intercropping values of 0.1295, 0.1229 and 0.0945, respectively. The results showed that intercropping maize with suitable plants (e.g., groundnut and soybean) could reduce the adverse effects of over-application of nitrogen fertilizer on the environment. The study further showed that the LCA method may be a convenient and effective approach for analyzing the environmental impact of fertilizer management in agricultural fields.     

UNITANK工艺特性及其基于ASM2D的模拟分析

UNITANK采用A/O工艺的空间结构,利用SBR工艺的控制策略,但也有其独特的性质。混掺现象对于UNITANK运行产生明显影响,建立UNITANK工艺模型必须考虑混掺,并将各个反应池建立不同的模型以反映这种现象;ASM2D与UNITANK工艺模型结合较好模拟了UNITANK运行的动态变化,对于控制和改造UNITANK工艺具有很好的指导意义。     

Effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from white clovers (Trifolium repens L) on soil bacteria and fungi

White clover potted experiments were performed to investigate the effects of seven indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities isolated from different test plots subjected to long-term fertilisation on soil enzyme activities, number of soil bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities increased the mycorrhizal infection rate of the plants and promoted the growth of plants. The Mnp treatment was most effective. The shoot biomass, root biomass, potassium and nitrogen uptake of the white clover in Mnp treatment group were increased by 61.54%, 84.00%, 62.50% and 46.71% respectively, compared with those in non-inoculation treatment. The inoculation of AMF communities had little effect on the number of bacteria in the soil, but significantly increased the number of soil fungi. Mnk treatment group had the highest number of fungi in the soil, which was 9.91 times that of the non-inoculation treatment group. The catalase and dehydrogenase activities were both significantly improved in Mnp treatment by 28.12% and 205.38% respectively, compared with those of the control treatment (-M). The urease, invertase and cellulase activities reached the highest levels in the Mck treatment; they were increased by 142.79%, 41.17% and 77.62% respectively, compared with those of the control treatment. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil enzyme activity was not correlated with the mycorrhizal infection rate, but correlated with the spore number of the AMF community. The impact of AMF community on soil quality is important for us to understand the function of the ecosystems. Relevant study provides important guidance for maintaining the balance of the soil-plant system and the development of sustainable agriculture.     

Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·L^-1 in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·L^-1 in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·L^-1 in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·L^-1 in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.     

基于GIS系统的地下水污染防治区划分研究

在收集评估区域范围内污染源荷载、水文地质参数和地下水功能价值等资料的基础上,应用GIS软件对黑龙江省某地级市进行了建城区地下水污染防治防控区划分,选取模型进行了污染源荷载评价、地下水脆弱性评价、地下水污染风险评价.结果得出,地下水污染防治优先控制区位于污染源荷载较高的中部、北部和中部及西南部的部分区域为地下水污染防治重点控制区、其它为一般控制区域.区划结果为当地政府需求和社会经济发展规划提出合理有效的污染防治对策和措施依据.     

废弃钻井液处理方法发展研究

近年来,随着对环保的重视,钻井过程中产生的废弃钻井液的处理也越来越受到钻井人的关注.文章针对国内废弃钻井液处理方法的发展现状,从中国海上和陆地废弃钻井液着手,分别论述了海上和陆地废弃钻井液处理中,水基和油基废弃钻井液的处理方法,以及现场应用情况.并对海上以及陆地废弃钻井液的处理进行对比分析,可以更直观的选出适合某地区的废弃钻井液处理方法,对现场工作有一定的帮助.     

天津市工业炉窑污染现状及排放标准问题分析

天津市是我国北方传统工业型城市,工业炉窑污染排放已逐渐成为地方大气污染物防治的重点源之一。在全面系统了解天津市工业炉窑环境污染现状的基础上,分析现行国家标准的适用性及存在的问题,提出标准制修订建议,将有助于推动污染物总量削减,改善环境空气质量。     

沸石负载壳聚糖对铬（Ⅵ）的吸附平衡和动力学研究

采用沸石负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,对溶液中铬（Ⅵ）的吸附平衡和吸附动力学进行了研究。结果表明,溶液中铬（Ⅵ）在沸石负载壳聚糖上的等温吸附数据符合Freundlich模型;吸附体系属于物理吸附,吸附状态属于多层吸附;吸附行为符合二级速率方程。     

Numerical simulation of a horizontal sedimentation tank considering sludge recirculation

Most research conducted on the concentration distribution of sediment in the sedimentation tank does not consider the role of the suction dredge. To analyze concentration distribution more accurately, a suspended sediment transportation model was constructed and the velocity field in the sedimentation tank was determined based on the influence of the suction dredge. An application model was then used to analyze the concentration distribution in the sedimentation tank when the suction dredge was fixed, with results showing that distribution was in accordance with theoretical analysis. The simulated value of the outlet concentration was similar to the experimental value, and the trends of the isoconcentration distribution curves, as well as the vertical distribution curves of the five monitoring sections acquired through simulations, were almost the same as curves acquired through experimentation. The di erences between the simulated values and the experimental values were significant.