Seasonal trends and potential sources of ambient air OCPs in urban and suburban areas in Dalian, China

A seasonal field campaign by passive sampling was conducted from February 2008 to February 2009, aiming to measure air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the urban and suburban areas in Dalian. At the urban site, similar annual average concentrations of α-endosulfan and α-HCH were found, both being approximately 4 times as high as those of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE, while at the suburban site, the annual average concentration of α-endosulfan was 2.9 times as high as the average concentrations of α-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE; concentrations of α-endosulfan, α-HCH and p,p'-DDE achieved annual peaks in summer. Back trajectory analysis revealed that the air concentration of α-endosulfan increased with the input of air masses from the land whereas decreasing air concentration of α-endosulfan at the urban site was associated with air masses from the sea. Pesticides used in local agriculture were identified to be major sources of α-endosulfan at both the urban and suburban sites, though long-range atmospheric transport from other sources might also contribute to atmospheric levels of this chemical over this coastal city. α-endosulfan, α-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in the air in Dalian might result from the atmospheric transport of the air masses from northeast area, Shandong peninsula and Korean peninsula. Emission due to "aged" DDT and HCH in contaminated local soils as well as atmospheric long-range transport were likely to be major sources of α-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE at the suburban site. In addition, a fresh input of α-HCH and p,p'-DDT in the atmosphere could not be excluded in the urban area.     

中国人口发展与人口产业结构调整

本文通过对中国人口产业结构现状的分析,全面讨论了人口产业结构优化对经济科技发展的影响和作用,进而提出了人口产业结构转变对促进经济科技发展的若干结论。     

广州与香港的环境经济能值分析

利用国际生态学最新发展的能值分析理论方法及各种能值指标，从资源基础、能值福利、对外贸易和环境压力四个角度对广州和香港的各种生态流进行比较研究。结果表明广州在自然资源和社会资源方面明显优于香港，具有较大的经济发展潜力。从能值理论和宏观角度分析，广州应将内地丰富的土地资源和科技力量与香港充裕的资金、信息和管理能力融合，充分发挥两地的分散生产要素和资源优势。本研究为促进广州和香港的共同繁荣和优化组合提供理论依据和科学指导。     

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on Cold-Chain Food: Precautions Can Effectively Reduce the Risk

Food and Environmental Virology - The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a new era in the world, also in the food safety. Up to now, there is no evidence to suggest that people can infect COVID-19 via...     

Improvements on physical conditions of bauxite residue following application of organic materials

Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw (5% W/W), humic acid (5% W/W), and humic acid-acrylamide polymer (0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption (NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.     

Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes

Authentic leadership has received considerable attention and research support over the past decade. Now the time has come to refine and better understand how it impacts performance. This study investigates the moderating role followers' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and the mediating role that leader–member exchange (LMX) may play in influencing the relationship between authentic leadership and followers' performance. Specifically, we tested this mediated moderation model with matched data from 794 followers and their immediate leaders. We found that authentic leadership is positively related to LMX and consequently followers' performance, and to a larger degree, among followers who have low rather than high levels of PsyCap. Our discussion highlights the benefits of understanding the roles of relational processes and followers' positive psychological resources involved in the effectiveness of authentic leadership and how they can be practically implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改性石墨烯固相萃取-液相色谱法测定联苯菊酯

以石墨粉末为原料通过Hummers法逐步合成磁性胺基化石墨烯(Fe3O4-NH2-G),分别用扫描电镜和FTIR对其表面形貌和化学结构进行表征,并对Fe3O4-NH2-G用于实际样品中联苯菊酯的吸附性能进行了研究.以高效液相色谱为检测手段,对洗脱液和淋洗液的选择、萃取时间和洗脱时间、离子强度、溶液p H、吸附剂总量等相关参数进行优化.实验结果表明,用1%乙酸乙腈溶液做洗脱液,50%甲醇水溶液作为淋洗液,吸附时间洗脱时间都是20 min,溶液p H值为7,不加Na Cl时吸附效果最好.在293 K下改性石墨烯的平衡吸附量136 mg·g-1.实验表明最优条件下检出限达到1.7 ng·m L-1,线性范围为0.005—10μg·m L-1,方法对实际样品的加标回收率91.8%—101.6%,可应用于痕量联苯菊酯的测定.该实验研究表明Fe3O4-NH2-G对联苯菊酯有很好的吸附能力.     

［omim］［PF6］萃淋树脂的制备及对萘吸附机制的研究

将离子液体[omim][PF6]以液膜的形式固定在大孔吸附树脂上,制备萃淋树脂,研究其对水相中萘的吸附及影响因素.结果表明,离子液体[omim][PF6]萃取萘的过程,萘主要分配在[omim]+的疏水饱和碳链上;树脂和离子液体质量比为10∶1和20∶1的萃淋树脂,[omim][PF6]在水相中的溶解明显小于2∶1和5∶1的萃淋树脂;不同质量比萃淋树脂对萘的饱和吸附量大小为10∶1萃淋树脂>20∶1萃淋树脂>树脂,对吸附等温线的拟合结果表明,树脂对萘的吸附更符合Freundlich吸附等温式,而萃淋树脂对萘的吸附则更符合Langmuir吸附等温式.不同温度萃淋树脂对萘的饱和吸附量大小为:20℃>15℃>25℃,随着pH的升高饱和吸附量下降,随着无机盐浓度的提高饱和吸附量均有提高;正交实验确定的最佳条件为:温度=30℃、pH=3、NaCl浓度=2 000 mg.L-1,其中pH值是最主要的影响因素.     

离子液体［omim］［PF6］的生物降解性研究

以［omim］［PF₆］为C、N、P营养源驯化活性污泥,考察驯化前后不同活性污泥接种微生物时离子液体的生物降解性,以及在支链上添加酯基对离子液体生物降解性的影响;同时,探讨经过驯化的活性污泥对1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑阳离子基团（［omim］⁺）生物降解的途径.结果表明,通过在支链上添加酯基,可以改善离子液体的生物降解性;以普通的活性污泥为接种微生物的密闭瓶实验表明,［omim］［PF₆］的生物降解率<20%,属于难生物降解的物质,进入环境后可能产生较长时间的积累;以经过驯化的活性污泥为接种微生物时,可以提高［omim］［PF₆］的生物降解率到60%左右;在［omim］⁺的生物降解过程中,会产生1-甲基咪唑阳离子的积累;对［omim］⁺的生物降解产物的HPLC-MS/MS分析,初步推测［omim］⁺的生物降解途径.     

QHSE管理体系在总承包项目管理中的应用探讨

从QHSE管理体系的相关概念出发,分析了如何建立QHSE管理体系和项目的QHSE管理制度,结合工程公司总承包项目的特点,对QHSE管理体系在设计、采购、施工、试运行等项目实施各阶段管理中的应用进行了探讨。