物理化学法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究进展

本文介绍了渗滤液的特性 ,指出物理化学法是渗滤液处理过程中不可缺少的环节。总结了物理化学法处理渗滤液的进展状况 ,并提出了物理化学法处理渗滤液存在的问题及未来发展趋势     

Capacity estimation and preliminary strategy for reducing the release of dioxins in China

As a party of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China must submit its national implementation plan (NIP) for this convention. The strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important components of the NIP. Three problems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan—what are the key sources for applying the best available technology/best environmental practice (BAT/BEP) to reduce the release of dioxins? How about the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources? Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP? This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these problems. The list of key sources covering about half of the total dioxins release was determined considering four criteria. The capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins release. The priority analysis using the geographical information system (GIS) tool has revealed that castern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins release in China.     

露天转地下开采对上覆构筑物安全影响分析

为在最大限度科学回收地下资源的前提下,保证地表构筑物安全,以国内某大型矿山为工程背景,采用空区监测系统(CMS)结合DIMINE/FLAC3D建模技术,构建露天转地下开采对地表构筑物影响分析三维可视化计算模型。通过数值计算与现场调查相结合的方法,对比分析露天转地下开采影响范围内的地表构筑物水平位移、倾斜、曲率、沉降。结果表明:数值计算获得的应力场和位移场结果,与矿山实测结果基本吻合。该矿山开采1 650 m阶段后监测点最大倾斜指标为9 mm/m,接近允许值上限,因此,其最大合理开采深度为1 650 m阶段。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰基本性质的研究

分析了几种焚烧飞灰的基本性质,讨论了燃烧过程中可能影响飞灰中重金属分布的因素,研究表明:焚烧飞灰结构复杂性和性质多变,其主要的化学组成为Cl、Ca、K、Na、Si、Al、O等,主要的重金属为Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu等;飞灰多以不规则的无定形态和多晶聚合体的结构存在,浸出毒性一般超过危险废物鉴别标准;重金属主要以气溶胶小颗粒和富集于飞灰颗粒表面的形式存在于飞灰中.焚烧厂和焚烧时间的变化对于飞灰性质有较大影响,几种飞灰的Cl含量范围为6.93%～29.18%,SiO₂为4.48%～24.84%;浸出毒性则在0～163.10mg·L^-1(Pb)、0.049～164.90mg·L^-1(Zn)之间变化.     

A study on cometabolic bioventing for the in situ remediation of trichloroethylene

Cometabolic bioventing for removal of TCE in the unsaturated zone was studied in a soil column study using methane as growth substrate. A numerical model was developed for simulating the behavior of TCE during cometabolic bioventing. The model parameters were estimated independently through laboratory batch experiments or from the literature. Simulations were found to provide reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The experimental data show that a total TCE remediation efficiency of over 95% was obtained. The volatilization-to-biodegradation ratio of TCE was about 7:1 and T _c values ranging from 0.0078 to 0.07 were obtained in this methane-driven system. Due to the toxicity of the high TCE concentrations to the microbial biomass in the initial stages of the experiment, cometabolic biodegradation was enhanced and was more efficient in the later stages of cometabolic bioventing.     

Occurrence and removal of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a wastewater treatment plant employing anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic and UV processes in Shanghai,China

The occurrence and removal of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) including caffeine (CF), N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine, metoprolol, trimethoprim (TMP), and sulpiride in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Shanghai, China were studied in January 2013; besides, grab samples of the influent were also taken every 6 h, to investigate the daily fluctuation of the wastewater influent. The results showed the concentrations of the investigated PPCPs ranged from 17 to 11,400 ng/L in the WWTP. A low variability of the PPCP concentrations in the wastewater influent throughout the day was observed, with the relative standard deviations less than 25 % for most samples. However, for TMP and CF, the slight daily fluctuation still reflected their consumption patterns. All the target compounds except CF and DEET, exhibited poor removal efficiencies (<40 %) by biological treatment process, probably due to the low temperature in the bioreactor, which was unfavorable for activated sludge. While for the two biodegradable PPCPs, CF, and DEET, the anaerobic and oxic tank made contributions to their removal while the anoxic tank had a negative effect to their elimination. The tertiary UV treatment removed the investigated PPCPs by 5–38 %, representing a crucial polishing step to compensate for the poor removal by the biologic treatment process in winter.     

遥感旱灾模型综合分析

本文在野外实验的基础上，对遥感旱灾模型进行综合分析和评价。运用四年的实地观测数据，校正了旱灾模型中的待定系数，使其能用于ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星对旱情的监测。对复杂的蒸散模型简化的可行性进行了尝试性研究。     

应用聚丙烯酰胺的环境与生态行为研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在油田中的大量使用,其环境和生态行为及降解产物对环境的潜在危害,都亟待去研究。本文分析论述了其物理、化学性质及化学降解、机械降解、热降解、生物降解性,及影响其在土壤中的被吸附的因素和生态毒理学研究,提出有待进一步研究的课题为:PAM在油藏条件下的降解机理和降解速度;PAM及其衍生物在环境中的存在形式及其迁移转化的方式,在生物体内的存在形式及其在生物圈内的迁移转化等。     

高效磁化斜板除油沉淀器技术的应用

介绍了济南第三炼钢厂高效磁化斜板沉淀器技术,实践表明,采用该工艺及技术,连铸水处理系统运行稳定,处理后悬浮物含量≤20mg/L,油含量≤5mg/L,可实现闭路循环,全部回用,无污水外排,操作管理方便、安全、能耗低,是一套成熟完善、经济合理的工艺技术.     

高档普采工作面端面顶板的有效支护

端面顶板是高档普采工作面顶板管理的重点，分析了п型钢梁支护法的不足，提出了一种新的支护方法，通过应用取得了良好效果。