Responses of soil ammonia oxidizers to a short-term severe mercury stress

The responses of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) to mercury(Hg) stress were investigated through a short-term incubation experiment.Treated with four different concentrations of Hg(CK,Hg25,Hg50,and Hg100,denoting 0,25,50,and 100 mg Hg/kg dry soil,respectively),samples were harvested after 3,7,and 28 day incubation.Results showed that the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was significantly inhibited by Hg stress during the incubation.However,lower abundances of AOA(the highest in CK: 9.20 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil) and AOB(the highest in CK: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50:7.49 × 10~6 copies/g dry soil) were observed only at day 28 of incubation(P 0.05).Moreover,only the community structure of soil AOB obviously shifted under Hg stress as seen through DGGE profiles,which revealed that 2–3 distinct AOB bands emerged in the Hg treatments at day 28.In summary,soil PNR might be a very useful parameter to assess acute Hg stress on soil ecosystems,and the community structure of soil AOB might be a realistic biological indicator for the assessment of heavy metal stress on soil ecosystems in the future.     

Preparation of steel slag porous sound-absorbing material using coal powder as pore former

The aim of the study was to prepare a porous sound-absorbing material using steel slag and fly ash as the main raw material, with coal powder and sodium silicate used as a pore former and binder respectively. The influence of the experimental conditions such as the ratio of fly ash, sintering temperature, sintering time, and porosity regulation on the performance of the porous sound-absorbing material was investigated. The results showed that the specimens prepared by this method had high sound absorption performance and good mechanical properties, and the noise reduction coefficient and compressive strength could reach 0.50 and 6.5 MPa, respectively. The compressive strength increased when the dosage of fly ash and sintering temperature were raised. The noise reduction coefficient decreased with increasing ratio of fly ash and reducing pore former, and first increased and then decreased with the increase of sintering temperature and time. The optimum preparation conditions for the porous sound-absorbing material were a proportion of fly ash of 50% (wt.%), percentage of coal powder of 30% (wt.%), sintering temperature of 1130°C, and sintering time of 6.0 hr, which were determined by analyzing the properties of the sound-absorbing material.     

植被收割对滨海湿地沉积物中CO_2和N_2O释放的影响

为了揭示冬季滨海湿地植被收割对其沉积物中温室气体释放的影响,以长江入海口典型滨海湿地——崇明东滩为研究对象,观测季节性(冬季)植被收割(分别于收割后第0天、第10天、第30天、第60天采样)与不收割条件下芦苇(Phragmites australis)、米草(Spartina alterniflora)、芦苇-米草交互带和光滩沉积物中CO2与N2O的释放特征.结果表明:1米草和芦苇-米草交互带植被收割并未增加沉积物中CO2的释放(P0.05),但芦苇收割可能会增加N2O的释放(P0.05),说明植被收割对湿地沉积物中CO2和N2O释放的影响与植被类型密切相关.2与芦苇带相比,米草和芦苇-米草交互带沉积物中CO2累积释放量分别高出12%~57%和17%~43%,但芦苇植被覆盖下沉积物中N2O累积释放量分别比二者高出11%~81%和8%~95%.可见,米草和芦苇-米草交互带沉积物碳的呼吸损失明显高于芦苇带,但芦苇植被覆盖下沉积物中N2O逸失量相对较高.34种植被类型下,沉积物中N2O累积释放量为0.1~0.4 mg/kg,CO2累积释放量则高达1 024~2 645 mg/kg.因此,冬季滨海湿地植被收割不会显著增加N2O的温室效应,但选择性收割米草有望减少沉积物碳的呼吸损失.     

推进养殖污染防治,实现产业优化与环境保护双赢——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

针对《水污染防治行动计划》提出的畜禽养殖污染治理思路和措施,梳理了我国现阶段畜禽养殖污染防治中存在的问题,对《水污染防治行动计划》中提出的"调布局、建设施、促利用"三大举措进行了分析和解读,提出了落实《水污染防治行动计划》的几项重点工作,为地方推进畜禽养殖污染防治工作提供参考。     

废水中α-氯代环己基苯基甲酮的电化学降解

采用石墨电极对含α-氯代环己基苯基甲酮的氯化清洗水进行电化学降解。结果表明,电化学降解对COD的去除效果非常明显,并且随着电流密度增加,COD的去除效率逐渐升高,电流密度由15 mA/cm2增加至100 mA/cm2, COD的去除率从39.7%升高到72.3%;电化学降解作用下,水样可生化性显著提高,降解2 h后,(BOD5)/(COD)由原水的0.22提高到0.46;电化学降解过程中,COD的降解遵循零级反应动力学方程;此外,还对电化学降解过程中α-氯代环己基苯基甲酮的降解途径进行了推测。     

我国酒店业火灾事故特征及其防控管理体系构建

酒店游客接待量大,人口密集,一旦发生火灾,危害巨大。识别酒店业火灾事故的发生特征以及影响因素将有助于有效构建防控管理体系。以2004—2013年我国发生的283起酒店业火灾事故案例为研究样本,通过对案例信息的分解、编码与统计,利用聚类分析、交叉性列联表等方法对我国酒店业火灾事故的时空分布特征和后果特征进行了多元统计分析,归纳出我国酒店业火灾事故发生的9大原因,并根据我国酒店业火灾事故总体发生特征构建了顾客管理、全员防火管理、时间管理、场所管理、应急管理和智能系统管理六个方面的火灾防控管理体系。     

某炮弹底塞表面防护工艺霉菌试验研究

目的研究某炮弹底塞最佳表面防护工艺。方法采用霉菌试验方法,对2种底塞材料多种表面处理与防护工艺样品的防霉性和防腐蚀性能进行试验和优选。结果分析了防霉性和防腐蚀性能优劣的原因,评定出了最优的材料和表面处理与防护工艺组合,提出了炮弹长贮防霉和防腐蚀的建议和措施。结论底塞最佳的材料和表面处理与防护工艺组合为30Cr Mn Si A+镀锌/镀锌镍合金+涂7258号航空润滑油脂。     

不同方法测定水体总氮存在的问题探讨及条件优化研究

利用碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法,探讨了消解时间和消解温度对空白吸光值的影响,认为增加消解时间可以降低空白吸光值,而提高消解温度对空白吸光值的影响不大;对于某些样品中总氮含量低于氨氮含量的现象,将碱性过硫酸钾装入小试管,再放入装有水样的比色管中,虽然能够减少氨气形式逸出的氮含量,但回收率较低;连续流动和流动注射-盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法,在以后的修订中应增加过硫酸钾含氮量以及镉柱还原能力大小的界定.     

低温低浊高色水源水处理的进展研究

针对低温低浊高色水源水质特征,对近年低温絮凝剂、低温强化混凝技术、低温膜集成技术研发与应用现状进行了综合论述.通过对低温混凝剂的絮凝机理与效果、各技术低温保持水质达标的应对策略的深入剖析,预测低温低浊高色水处理的发展趋势.研究表明,开发低温专用的高效低耗、质优价廉、无毒无二次污染的载体絮凝水处理剂,探索在不增加甚至减少工程造价条件下对低温期及平常期水处理均有效的工艺,是低温低浊高色水源水处理的关键.     

城市大气污染治理方法研究——城市新风系统

城市大气污染治理研究多年来未见突破,为了解决城市大气污染给人们生活带来的危害,利用提高生态修复主体利用率的方法,研究出一种新的城市大气污染治理方法——“城市新风系统”,这种方法理论上可以快速有效改善城市区域内大气环境.该研究以南京为例进行模拟计算,并建立了理论模型的雏形.理论模型预期可在数周内改善城市大气环境,并通过污染与新风总量的科学控制实现范围内的全优环境,这是一个具有可复制性,并有极强的推广意义的方法.