Analysis of Coupling between Soil and Water Conservation and Economic-social Development

Abstract

The coupling relation exists in water and soil conservation and economic-social development. The article analyses the relation of soil and water conservation and economic-social development stages as well as the coupling analytical method. Then calculates the expecting income by dispersing Markov decision and calculates the correlation coefficient and the relationship degree. The article obtains the relationship of soil and water conservation investments and all kinds of incomes. Finally, it analyzes the important meaning in socio-economic development of water and soil conservation.     

腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX菌脱氮性能的影响及其动力学分析

通过批次实验研究了两种典型重金属离子[Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）]与腐殖酸对厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）脱氮效果（SAA）的影响并进行了动力学模型分析,同时探讨了腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX脱氮的影响.结果表明,在投加ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]均为3mg·L^-1时,对ANAMMOX有促进作用,SAA分别提高了8.64%和7.78%;当ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]分别为20mg·L^-1和5mg·L^-1时则对ANAMMOX有抑制作用,抑制效果随重金属离子浓度增加而越发显著,指数拟合表明Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）对ANAMMOX的IC50分别为29.67mg·L^-1和28.75mg·L^-1.在投加ρ（腐殖酸）为1mg·L^-1时SAA提高了7.37%, 40mg·L^-1时抑制率即达到36.80%,线性拟合表明腐殖酸对ANAMMOX菌的IC50为58.36mg·L^-1.修正的Michaelis-Menten模型能较...     

不同行业减排对我国东部地区空气质量及大气温度的影响

未来我国减排政策更加关注对大气污染和大气增温的协同控制效果,但不同行业减排对空气质量改善和大气温度的影响不同.利用双向耦合的空气质量模型WRF-Chem,通过多组敏感性试验量化各部门人为源（工业源、居民源、交通源、火电厂和农业源）减排对2016年9月我国东部地区空气质量和大气温度的影响.结果表明,工业源、居民源、交通源、火电厂和农业源减排均能有效改善空气质量,PM_2.5浓度分别下降33.9%、9.6%、15.8%、10.8%和26.7%,但减弱的气溶胶-辐射相互作用使地表层获得更多能量,进而增加近地面气温0.04、0.03、0.01、0.03和0.09℃.在大气层顶,工业源、居民源、交通源和火电厂减排分别导致净辐射通量下降0.3、0.8、0.7和0.1 W·m^-2;而农业源减排则引起大气层顶净辐射通量增加0.8 W·m^-2.一方面,减排农业源导致散射性气溶胶下降进而引起净辐射增加;另一方面,减排农业源不会导致吸收性气溶胶（黑碳）下降,不能抵消散射性气溶胶下降引起的辐射增加.因此,减排农业源会导致大气层顶净辐射通量增加,同时近地面温度增加也最为显著.未来需要特别关注的是,尽管控制农业源排放会带来显著的空气质量改善,但同时会带来不利的显著增温后果.     

沈阳经济区生态环境风险联防联控与应急联动机制研究

通过调查识别沈阳经济区内沈阳与其他4市交界处较大及以上环境风险企业情况,定性判断交界处环境风险等级,列举分析可能发生的环境事故,并结合沈阳经济区当前环境应急能力,建立沈阳经济区生态环境风险联防联控与应急联动机制.在此过程中得到结论:辽河、浑河是沈阳经济区突发水环境事件重要载体,需要重点关注并制定相应的环境风险防控措施;...     

Type 0092丝状菌污泥微膨胀在短程硝化中的实现

利用Type 0092丝状菌不易引发污泥恶性膨胀的特点,本实验采用实际生活污水,以SBR反应器接种短程硝化污泥,考察了短程硝化状态下启动Type 0092丝状菌污泥微膨胀的特性,研究了系统启动与维持期间的污泥沉降性能、亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)、污染物去除特性以及污泥菌群结构变化情况.结果表明控制DO为0. 3～0. 8 mg·L~(-1),F/M(以COD/MLSS计)=0. 24 kg·(kg·d)~(-1),按照交替缺氧/好氧模式运行(单周期3次,缺氧∶好氧=20 min∶60 min),能够启动Type 0092丝状菌污泥微膨胀与短程硝化耦合,系统SVI值维持在180 m L·g~(-1)左右,NAR一直维持在99%左右,COD和TN去除率能够分别提高约13%和5%,相较于传统全程硝化非微膨胀状态曝气量能节省约62. 5%.当交替缺氧/好氧模式变为单周期交替6次,缺氧∶好氧=10 min∶30 min,亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的活性会恢复,使短程硝化被破坏;低溶解氧、交替缺氧/好氧、低负荷是实现Type 0092丝状菌污泥微膨胀的关键因素,当负荷(以COD/MLSS计)大于0. 25 kg·(kg·d)~(-1)时,仅靠低溶解氧和间歇曝气无法维持污泥微膨胀状态.     

创建本质安全型煤矿探讨

从保障煤炭企业自身持续稳定发展和建设和谐社会的高度,阐述了本质安全的内涵和本质安全型矿井的特征,从＂人、机、环境、管理＂等不同角度分析了影响煤矿安全生产的主要因素,探讨了提高从业人员本质安全素质、提升系统装备和作业环境本质安全化程度和强化本质安全管理等创建本质安全型煤矿应采取的综合措施。明确指出将＂人、机、环境、管理＂等要素有机融合起来构建煤矿本质安全生产管理体系,是煤炭企业安全生产管理工作的客观需要,对指导煤炭企业创建本质安全型矿井具有重要意义。     

老鹰岩滑坡基本特征及危害性分析

通过分析老鹰岩滑坡的地质环境特征和形态特征,揭示其形成机制和产生的危害,最后根据该区地质灾害特点,提出了灾后恢复重建的相关建议。     

滤筒法测定水中悬浮物的实践

采用重量法用滤筒替代滤膜进行测定水中悬浮物的比对实验,实验结果表明:滤筒测定水中悬浮物比滤膜测定水中悬浮物更具有易恒重、测定误差小、准确度高、快速、简便、成本低等优点,适合水质监测应用。     

二维与三维电解法处理含铜废水的试验研究

以含铜废水为处理对象,考察了二维电解法的电解电压、电解时间、pH值、极间距对铜去除率的影响。在此基础上为提高处理效率,两极间填充活性炭和玻璃珠形成三维电解,确定了三维电解的最佳运行条件是极间距4cm,pH值3～4,电解电压22 V,电解135min,铜离子的去除率为80.6%。     

Effect of arsenic species on the growth and arsenic accumulation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis>

The effects of arsenic (As) species, such as As(III), As(V) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), on the accumulation of As in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), as well as on its growth in a soil mesocosm were evaluated. When Cucumis sativus was cultivated in soils contaminated with 20 and 50 mg/kg of As(III), As(V) or DMA for 40 days, the growth was markedly inhibited by the inorganic As (As(III) and As(V)) rather than the organic As (DMA). Irrespective of the As species, the As concentrations accumulated in Cucumis sativus increased with increasing As concentration in the soil. The As bioaccumulation factors from soil into the tissue of Cucumis sativus were 17.5–35.4, 29.3–42.7 and 17.6–25.7 for As(III), As(V) and DMA, respectively. In addition, the As translocation factors from the roots to shoots were 0.025–0.031, 0.018–0.032 and 0.014–0.026 for As(III), As(V) and DMA, respectively. In conclusion, Cucumis sativus mainly accumulated As in its roots rather than its shoots and easily accumulated inorganic rather than organic As from the soil into its tissue.