Remediation of arsenic contaminated soil by sulfidated zero-valent iron

• Sulfidation significantly enhanced As(V) immobilization in soil by zerovalent iron. • S-ZVI promoted the conversion of exchangeable As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. • Column test further confirmed the feasibility of sulfidated ZVI on As retention. • S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation markedly reduced TCLP leachability of As. In this study, the influences of sulfidation on zero-valent iron (ZVI) performance toward As(V) immobilization in soil were systemically investigated. It was found that, compared to unamended ZVI, sulfidated ZVI (S-ZVI) is more favorable to immobilize As(V) in soil and promote the conversion of water soluble As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. Specifically, under the optimal S/Fe molar ratio of 0.05, almost all of the leached As could be sequestrated by>0.5 wt.% S-ZVI within 3 h. Although the presence of HA could decrease the desorption of As from soil, HA inhibited the reactivity of S-ZVI to a greater extent. Column experiments further proved the feasibility of applying S-ZVI on soil As(V) immobilization. More importantly, to achieve a good As retention performance, S-ZVI should be fully mixed with soil or located on the downstream side of As migration. The test simulating the flooding conditions in rice culture revealed there was also a good long-term stability of soil As(V) after S-ZVI remediation, where only 0.7% of As was desorbed after 30 days of incubation. Magnetic separation was employed to separate the immobilized As(V) from soil after S-ZVI amendment, where the separation efficiency was found to be dependent of the iron dosage, liquid to soil ratio, and reaction time. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests revealed that the leachability of As from soil was significantly reduced after the S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation treatment. All these findings provided some insights into the remediation of As(V)-polluted soil by ZVI.     

渔业复垦塌陷地抗生素抗性基因与微生物群落

水产养殖行业抗生素的广泛使用引起了抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）污染问题.为探究渔业复垦塌陷地ARGs污染特征,利用宏基因组学技术检测分析了渔业复垦塌陷地ARGs的相对丰度和微生物群落结构.研究区域共检测出29种ARGs,bacA在所有样品中相对丰度最高,达1.96×10^-5~1.19×10^-4.沉积物中磺胺类和四环素类ARGs相对丰度较高,井水中多药类ARGs相对丰度较高.微生物群落结构表明变形菌门（Proteobacteria）在所有样品中为最优势细菌门,沉积物中绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）较为优势.属水平上,硫杆菌属（Thiobacillus）为沉积物中最优势细菌属,不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）为井水中优势细菌属.ARGs与微生物相关性分析表明,菌属与ARGs间主要呈中度相关,多种菌属与ARGs显著正相关,ARGs的分布受微生物群落结构的重要影响.渔业复垦塌陷地沉积物与井水均受到ARGs污染,应加强相应控制措施保护区域环境.     

基于FBM法追踪秦皇岛海域赤潮迁移扩散

在Delft3D-FLOW模型模拟水动力的基础上,基于FBM粒子追踪法建立和验证赤潮迁移扩散模型.模拟了秦皇岛海域潮流和风生流,分析了风生流对赤潮迁移扩散的作用,对比分析了FBM法、拉格朗日法和常规布朗运动法在赤潮迁移扩散模拟中的特性,测试了模型Hurst指数的敏感性并得出其在赤潮模拟中的合理取值范围.主要结论为：①秦皇岛海域的赤潮主要随潮流的涨落而往复移动,一个涨落潮周期内赤潮的净迁移距离较小;②秦皇岛海域夏季潮流较弱,但风对赤潮迁移具有一定影响,易产生东北向风生流,导致赤潮更易往东北方向迁移;③Hurst指数较明显地影响粒子云的扩散范围,Hurst指数取0.80±0.03能比较真实地模拟秦皇岛海域赤潮的迁移扩散;④FBM法可模拟赤潮的non-Fickian扩散现象,使其模拟的粒子云扩散范围和分布形状明显优于拉格朗日法和常规布朗运动法.     

高瓦斯易自燃工作面高抽巷瓦斯抽采与采空区遗煤自燃相互影响研究

为了实现瓦斯与煤自燃两大灾害的联合防治,首先对布置高抽巷条件下瓦斯与遗煤自燃多因素相互影响关系进行了理论分析和归纳总结。结合淮南潘二煤矿11223高瓦斯易自燃工作面,建立了带有高抽巷的物理模型,利用UDF编译了本煤层与邻近层瓦斯涌出源项、采空区三维孔隙率和低温条件下煤氧化反应氧气消耗速率。在此基础上,分析了高抽巷布置参数和抽采参数以及工作面风量对高抽巷瓦斯抽采效果和采空区自燃带分布相互影响的规律。结果表明,当工作面风量为2 000 m3/min,高抽巷布置在顶板上方40 m时,高抽巷瓦斯抽采浓度和纯量分别达32.3%和29.07 m3/min,占总瓦斯涌出量的69.71%,同时能满足实际防火的要求。研究结果可为类似条件下高抽巷最佳施工与抽采参数提供借鉴。     

受四环素影响的活性污泥胞内外聚合物特征

利用离心加超声的方法对处理四环素抗生素废水的活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)和胞内聚合物(IPS)进行提取,将其分为-溶解型胞外聚合物(slime)、松散附着型胞外聚合物(LB)、紧密附着型胞外聚合物(TB)、胞内聚合物(IPS).用BCA法和蒽酮-硫酸法测定了各层EPS和IPS溶液中的蛋白质和多糖含量,同时用三维荧光光谱扫描(EEM)和同步荧光光谱扫描(SFS)对其中的溶解性有机物(DOM)进行定性和定量分析,结果表明在EPS中的蛋白质和多糖的含量高于IPS,且蛋白质含量均比多糖含量高,而在slime和IPS中的蛋白质和多糖的含量高于LB和TB;低激发波长类色氨酸和高激发波长类色氨酸是EPS和IPS溶液的主要成分,且溶液中的溶解性代谢产物和芳香蛋白类物质相对含量在slime、LB、TB和IPS逐渐增加,而难降解有机物-腐殖酸类物质的相对含量逐渐降低;进水四环素浓度与污泥各层EPS和IPS溶液中DOM也具有较好的相关性;三维荧光法检测溶液中的DOM与化学分析测试出的蛋白质含量具有较好的相关性.     

HCHs and DDTs in Yellow River of Henan section—a typical agricultural area in China: levels,distributions and risks

The levels, potential sources and ecological risks of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in Yellow River of Henan section, a typical agricultural area in China, were investigated. Surface water samples and suspended particulate matters (SPMs) were collected from 23 sites during two seasons. In wet season, the residues of ∑HCHs (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) and ∑DDTs (p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD) ranged from 41.7 to 290 and 4.42 to 269 ng/L in surface water, while those varied from 0.86 to 157 and 1.79 to 96.1 ng/g dw in SPM, respectively. Moreover, in surface water, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in wet season were much higher than those in dry season. The reverse was true for residues of HCHs and DDTs in SPM. Compared with the large rivers in other regions, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in the studied area ranked at high levels and the residual concentrations might cause adverse biological risk, especially for ∑HCHs during wet season. Distributions of HCHs and DDTs delineated that the input of tributaries made a significant effect on the residue of HCHs and DDTs in the mainstream. ∑HCHs in surface water were consist of 26.7 % α-HCH, 30.0 % β-HCH, 37.9 % γ-HCH and 5.45 % δ-HCH and those in SPM contained 5.16 % α-HCH, 22.1 % β-HCH, 60.5 % γ-HCH and 12.2 % δ-HCH on average. Combined with ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH in surface water (0.70) and in SPM (0.09), the results strongly indicated that lindane was recently used or discharged in the studied area. The mean percentage of DDTs′ isomers were 28.7 % p,p′-DDT, 29.8 % o,p′-DDT, 28.1 % p,p′-DDE and 13.4 % p,p′-DDD in surface water, while those were 12.5 % p,p′-DDT, 31.8 % o,p′-DDT, 30.5 % p,p′-DDE and 25.1 % p,p′-DDD in SPM. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/∑DDTs and o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT revealed that the DDTs in the studied area mainly derived from long-term weathering of technical DDTs residue and the input of dicofol.     

Laboratory study investigating the regeneration potential of iron particles by and the hydrodynamics of a dam-break generated flow from an infinite reservoir into a channel with an adverse slope

To determine the feasibility of using a dam-break generated flow from the sea into a storm-drain to aid in the regeneration of iron particles that control the production of H₂S in the storm-drain, a laboratory experimental investigation is carried out to measure the regeneration potential and the detailed hydrodynamics of the dam-break generated flow that causes the regeneration. The experiments are carried out using a reservoir of essentially infinite size, the sea, and a channel of limited width and adverse slope 1:20, the storm-drain. The regeneration experiments confirmed the ability of the dam-break generated flow to aid in the regeneration of the iron particles, however the regeneration potential varies from good to poor with distance away from the gate into the channel. The detailed measurements of the hydrodynamics highlighted that the dam-break generated flow from an infinite reservoir diverges little during the first uprush, has much smaller velocities during the first backwash and includes significant free surface waves. An initially wet channel bed reduces the flux into the channel. Close to the gate the flow depth increases more quickly but the velocity, and therefore the regeneration potential, is smaller.     

邻苯二甲酸酯降解细菌的多样性、降解机理及环境应用

邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)是一类对人体内分泌系统有干扰作用的持续性有机污染物(persistent organic pol utants,POPs)。PAEs在环境介质如水体、底泥和土壤中长期赋存会对生物体产生毒害效应,其分布广、浓度高和难降解等特点是限制有效环境治理的主要因素。作为环境的重要组成部分,微生物对污染物有很强的适应能力和高效的降解能力,这为PAEs的生物修复提供了可能。与物理化学修复法相比,微生物修复技术具有可控性强、修复面广和灵活性高等优势。本文综述了已报道的大部分PAEs降解细菌的种类及其代谢机制,并分析了其在PAEs污染水体和土壤修复中的应用现状与前景,以期为PAEs环境行为与生物修复研究提供参考。     

个人护理用品(PCPs)的生态毒性和处理工艺效果研究进展

个人护理用品的大量使用导致其生产量和排放量也日渐增加,会不可避免地进入环境,对生态环境和人体健康产生影响。本文归纳整理了个人护理用品的分类,总结了其中代表化合物对水生生物的生态毒性研究现状,分析比较了主要废水处理工艺技术对个人护理用品的去除效果,为今后对这类物质的生态毒性和处理工艺研究提供参考。     

长三角农田土壤中滴滴涕的污染特征与生态风险

以长江三角洲地区农田土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤和蔬菜中滴滴涕(DDTs)的残留水平和空间分布特征,评估了DDTs对土壤生态和人体健康的潜在风险。结果显示,长三角地区农田土壤中DDTs含量范围为0.2~3 520 ng·g-1,平均63.8 ng·g-1,主要残留在土壤耕作层(0~30 cm)。土壤中DDTs及其代谢产物残留量较低,98.5%的点位土壤符合《中国土壤环境质量标准》的二级标准。15%的蔬菜样品中检出DDTs,其浓度为相应土壤DDTs浓度的9%~18%,土壤残留的DDTs通过食物链进入人体导致的健康风险很小。低残留DDTs对土壤微生物的群落结构和多样性无显著影响(-0.25R0.25,0.307P0.979)。应用美国环保署(USEPA)方法评估了土壤中DDTs对人体的健康风险,其中致癌风险级别为非常低,对儿童和成人具有非致癌风险的样品比例分别为1.1%和0.7%。因此,长三角地区大多数点位农田土壤DDTs残留量较低,不会对生态环境和人体健康产生危害。