苏州盛泽湖湿地生态恢复初探

湿地是分布于陆生生态系统和水生生态系统之间具有独特水文、土壤、植被与生物特征的生态系统。盛泽湖是位于苏州相城区东北部的天然浅水湖泊,东临阳澄湖,面积为3.86 km^2。由于当地居民对湖泊进行过度养殖和捕捞、大量的围湖造田和进行农业生产建设、工农业废水和生活污水直接排入水体及湿地附近砖瓦厂的取土等原因引起盛泽湖湿地的生态退化。用生态规划的方法来探讨如何对盛泽湖湿地进行生态恢复,并从环境效益、社会效益和经济效益来分析规划方案实施后的效果。     

腐殖酸钠对钙、镁离子吸附效果的研究

实验研究了腐殖酸钠混合液对钙、镁离子的吸附性能。高温条件下由草炭和NaOH制取的腐殖酸钠混合液,吸附水中的钙镁离子,结果发现：随着混合液用量的增加,其对钙镁离子的去除效率增加。当混合液用量为8ml时,二者的吸附效率均在88％以上,其中对镁离子的去除率可达100％,而且由于钙镁离子具有相同的核外电子层结构及类似的化学性质,因此混合液对钙镁离子的去除效果类似,表明腐殖酸钠混合液对钙镁离子具有极好的去除效果,可广泛应用于处理含钙镁离子的污水。     

油气储运设施事故的人为因素分析与预防

结合心理学知识从人为因素的角度分析和归纳了油气储运设施事故的原因,提出了应对人为因素负面影响的措施和对策。     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

Treatment of coking wastewater by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide

In this study the treatment of coking wastewater was investigated by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide. Particular attention was paid to the effect of initial pH, dosage of H₂O₂ and to improvement in biodegradation. The results showed that higher COD and total phenol removal rates were achieved with a decrease in initial pH and an increase in H₂O₂ dosage. At an initial pH of less than 6.5 and H₂O₂ concentration of 0.3 M, COD removal reached 44-50% and approximately 95% of total phenol removal was achieved at a reaction time of 1 h. The oxygen uptake rate of the effluent measured at a reaction time of 1 h increased by approximately 65% compared to that of the raw coking wastewater. This indicated that biodegradation of the coking wastewater was significantly improved. Several organic compounds, including bifuran, quinoline, resorcinol and benzofuranol were removed completely as determined by GC-MS analysis. The advanced Fenton oxidation process is an effective pretreatment method for the removal of organic pollutants from coking wastewater. This process increases biodegradation, and may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve effluent of high quality.     

对硝基氯苯废气治理研究

冷却凝固法处理含对硝基氯苯废气 ,用水作冷却剂直接冷却、冷凝、凝固、凝华废气中对硝基氯苯蒸气 ,废气中的升华物、粉尘和水蒸汽同时被分离 ,处理后的废气达到很高的净化程度。在此根据实验结果 ,得到在水蒸汽存在时对硝基氯苯蒸气分压和温度之间的关系     

制氧机组排气噪声消声器设计

冶金行业制氧机组氧气排气噪声属 4极子亚声速喷注噪声 ,其声功率与流速的八次方成正比 ,产生的噪声很强。本文以河北某钢铁集团公司为例 ,对制氧机组排气噪声的特性进行了探讨 ,设计了阻抗复合式三级扩容减压小孔喷注消声器 ,工程实施后证明 ,消声器设计合理 ,达到了预期的降噪效果     

pH对铜在黄土中吸持及其形态的影响

用黄土为吸持剂,以石英砂作对照,研究了pH对铜的吸持及形态的影响,并用MINTEQA2模型对铜离子的沉淀形态进行了理论计算.结果表明:无论吸持剂是石英砂还是黄土,随着pH的升高,吸持曲线都分为3区:低pH微吸持区、中pH吸持增长区和高pH强吸持区.含沙量一定,随着铜液初始浓度的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均增加;铜液初始浓度一定,随着含沙量的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均减少.MINTEQA2模型计算结果表明,对于不同的吸持剂,铜离子发生沉淀的比例及沉淀的物质组成是不同的;以黄土为吸持剂时,中pH范围内随着含沙量的增加铜离子沉淀的比例减少.     

自由表面流人工湿地处理超稠油废水

采用自由表面流芦苇湿地处理超稠油废水。当芦苇床的水力负荷为3．33cm/d时,对于年平均进水COD459．16mg/L,石油类27．65mg/L,BOD5 33.52mg/L,TN13.74mg/L的超稠油废水,该系统的出水指标为COD77．21mg/L,石油类1．42mg/L,BOD53.90mg/L,TN1.60mg/L。去除率分别为：COD83．18％,石油类94．86％,BOD588．37％,TN88．36％,pH值由7．87降至7．77。处理后的超稠油废水对土壤的污染并不明显,对芦苇的生长和材质指标几乎没有影响。可见,自由表面流芦苇湿地深度处理超稠油废水的出水水质稳定,耐冲击负荷强,是一种经济有效的超稠油废水处理新方法。     

用若干固体废弃物改良土壤的可行性研究

合理利用粉煤灰、水库淤积物和污泥三种废弃物对保护环境有重要意义。选择干旱半干旱地区 ,联合施用上述三种废物进行土壤改良 ,兼有建设生态环境的作用。盆栽试验结果表明 :粉煤灰、水库淤积物、污泥按适当比例配合施用 ,对改良贫瘠土壤、促进植物生长有明显效果。