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351.
重金属污染物在生物体内的累积、迁移和传递已成为当今的研究热点。土壤弹尾目昆虫作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,针对其对重金属的吸收、积累和排泄的动态过程以及相应解毒机制的研究意义重大。本研究通过弹尾目跳虫(Folsomia candida)对Cu的吸收-排泄效率实验发现,跳虫体内Cu含量随暴露时间的延长而显著增加(r~2=0.8878,F_(1,5)=29.59,P<0.01);跳虫体内Cu含量随排泄时间的延长而明显逐渐降低(r~2=0.7836,F_(1,3)=7.13,P<0.01)。跳虫对Cu的吸收-排泄Budget实验表明,只有少量的Cu被跳虫摄取到体内,其中小部分被体内组织消化吸收,大部分则可能通过中肠细胞的褪皮作用和产卵等方式排出体外。可见,褪皮和排卵是跳虫排泄重金属Cu的重要途径,跳虫对Cu具有较低的吸收率(8.13%)和较高的排泄率(57.3%),表明跳虫对Cu可能有较高的耐受性。 相似文献
352.
污染土壤微观结构研究中,室内试验制备的土样比较理想,而实际污染现场的土质极其复杂。为研究现场重金属污染土壤微观机理,开展了铅、砷、镉污染等重金属污染土基本物理性质指标试验和微观结构测试。首先,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-MS)测定现场土样污染物类型及含量,建立现场土体重金属含量分布;然后,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表面微观形貌试验,揭示污染土表面微观形貌,并通过颗粒(孔隙)及裂隙图像识别与分析系统(PCAS)定量分析土体试样的孔隙率,分析试样孔隙随重金属污染含量的变化规律;最后,从土壤环境的物质组成与结构及土壤性质方面分析土体微观形貌的变化机理。 相似文献
353.
Guixiang ZHANG Xitao LIU Ke SUN Ye ZHAO Chunye LIN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):421-429
Batch sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption behavior of tetracycline (TC, H3L) on sediments and soils in the presence and absence of cadmium (Cd), as affected by pH and properties of sediments and soils. The results indicated stronger nonlinearity and higher capacity of TC sorption on sediments than on soils. Sorption of TC also strongly depended on environmental factors and sediment/soil properties. Lower pH facilitated TC sorption through a cation exchange mechanism, which also took place at pH values above 5.5, where TC existed as a zwitterion (H2L0) or anions (HL- and L2-). When pH was above 7, however, ligand-promoted dissolution of TC might occur due to TC weakening the Al-O bond of aluminum oxide and the Fe-O bond of iron oxide. Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a more important role in TC sorption than cation exchange capacity (CEC) and clay contents. The presence of Cd (II) increased TC sorption on both sediments and soils, which resulted from the decrease of equilibrium solution pH caused by Cd2+ exchange with H+ ions of sediment/soil surfaces. The increase of TC sorption was also related to the formation of TC-Cd complexes, where Cd2+ acted as a bridge between the sediment/soil and TC. 相似文献
354.
Evidence for a mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and sediments on DDT sorption 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhiyong Guo Xiuyi Hua Xinhui Lan Yingying Sun Deming Dong 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(4):407-411
This report shows that biofilms and suspended particles double DDT sorption capacity on surface sediments. Sorption of pollutants by solid materials, such as biofilms, suspended particles and sediments, is a major process controlling the fate of hydrophobic pollutants in natural waters. Most previous studies focused on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single-solid material, whereas few studies considered the mutual effect of different solids on the sorption. Various solid materials often interact with each other when they coexist in the same system. Therefore, pollutants sorption could be different from that in the single-solid sorption system. Here we studied the mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and surface sediments on the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Results showed that biofilms and suspended particles double DDT sorption capacity on surface sediments. The different effects were mainly determined by distinct components and structures of the three solid materials, particularly by organic components. Here we show the mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and sediments on DDT sorption. 相似文献
355.
Wei Sun Meiying Xu Chunyu Xia Anhua Li Guoping Sun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):200-210
The effect of physical parameters of cultivation (load volume, temperature, pH, agitation, inoculum size, and incubation period) in the production of laccase by wood-rotting basidiomycete Coriolus hirsutus were studied using diluted molasses distillery wastewater (MDW) as a major composition. Using fractional factorial design, our study first identified load volume, agitation, and inoculum size as statistically significant factors. Optimal preferences and mutual interactions of the factors were then determined by the response surface method, which is based on the center composite design. A quadratic model was used to fit the experimental data. The optimized operational parameters for laccase production were determined to be the following: culture temperature of 25°C, pH 4, load volume of 40 mL diluted MDW in 150 mL flask, agitation rate of 183 r·min?1, inoculation of 11.5% v/v, and cultivation time of 6 d. The experimental validation under these conditions (the maximum laccase production of 2198.2 U·mL?1 was within the confidence interval) subsequently verified the accuracy of the constructed model. Moreover, the removal of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen of MDW reached 62.85% and 48.00% respectively, and the decolorization ratio under the optimal condition was 41.85%. The enhanced production of laccase by C. hirsutus is a new recovery strategy for MDW. 相似文献
356.
Qinghui Sun Juan Li Chen Wang Anqi Chen Yanli You Shupeng Yang Huihui Liu Guibin Jiang Yongning Wu Yanshen Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(1):1
357.
Yingdan Zhang Na Liu Wei Wang Jianteng Sun Lizhong Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):103
358.
Min Gao Ziye Yang Yajie Guo Mo Chen Tianlei Qiu Xingbin Sun Xuming Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):39
359.
Chunyan Wang Jiangshan Wang Yi Liu Lei Zhang Yong Sun Jiuhui Qu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):110
360.
Zhuqiu Sun Bairen Yang Marvin Yeung Jinying Xi 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):17