绿色饲料的地位及其生产与研究进展

分析了绿色饲料生产发展趋势及绿色饲料生产已经探索形成的若干有效模式 ,以黄淮海平原青刈黑麦研究为例 ,从青刈黑麦高产栽培技术体系研究、加工技术研究、生产系统评价等方面阐述了青刈黑麦的生产与研究进展 ,为我国绿色饲料产业化建设提供了思路。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

An approach to the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone

In this paper,the relationship among land productivity,population pressure and the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone is analyzed,taking coumties and banners of southeast Inner Mongolia plateau as an example,which is the most fragile part in the farming and husbandry interleaving belt of north China due to its severe desertification degree and low level of economic development.The Cv for the total output value of agriculture decreases from southeast to northwest,with the same rule as which the overloading population cumulated distributes,and both indicators have close relation with the high linear coefficient of 0.83.These reveal the fluctuation mechanism for ecotone:fluctuation of the level of economic development is a scientific and practical measure both to weakness degree and to instability of ecotone,because it is a synthesized response to the variation of climate as well as irrational land uses,which reinforce and magnify the fluctuation.In detail,the heavier the population overloading,the severer the grassland reclamation,the stronger the dependence of regional productivity on rainfall,the lower the level of economic development,the rougher the fluctuation of ecotone,but the weaker the PRED system.     

元素地球化学不活动组分判别——以库布苏金矿中矿带研究为例

本文从探讨元素不活动组分的原理出发 ,利用Gresens(196 7)质量平衡方程及Brimhall等 (1987)提出的元素不活动组分ΔX -fv 图解 ,对复杂热液成矿体系的元素不活动组分进行了深入探讨。指出了复杂体系内部各个子体系间元素不活动组分及体积变化上的差异。并结合实际 ,对库布苏金矿中矿带元素不活动组分进行了研究。同时对一些矿床地质现象的形成及成矿物质来源从元素地球化学角度进行了解释和判断。     

区域(城市)水体中主要有机毒物的筛选

本研究发展了区域(或城市)水体中主要有毒化学品的筛选方法。 在城市下游采集大体积水样,用CH_2Cl_2洗脱,再用有机溶剂萃取,用硅胶柱把有机物分成许多馏分,馏分最终变为水溶液。每个馏分中有机物浓度比原水大1000倍。用这种馏分水溶液进行溞的急性毒性试验和Ames试验。只对毒性大的馏分进行色谱/质谱/数据系统的鉴定和定量分析,然后根据各个化合物的急性毒性、降解难易和“三致”物质的资料及原水样中有机物的浓度资料,就可筛选出一个区域(城市)水体中的主要有毒化学品。     

青藏高原科学考察研究的新阶段

<正> 解放后我国对青藏高原组织过多次科学考察,特别是1973年开始的全面、系统的青藏高原综合科学考察,取得了丰硕的成果,在国际上产生了较大的影响。70年代开始的这次针对全部高原的科学考察分为3个阶段:第一阶段(1973—1980年)考察了西藏自治区;第二阶段(1981—1986年)考察了川西、藏东和滇西北的横断山区;第三阶段自1987     

HSE管理体系领导层内部审核技巧

HSE管理体系进行领导层的内部审核时,审核员多有畏难情绪,不知采取哪种方式,具体审核哪些内容.笔者结合实际的审核经验,谈以下几点体会.     

中国PM_(2.5)污染状况和污染特征的研究

近１０ 余年来在中国的城市地区和清洁地区进行了ＰＭ２－５ 的采集和分析，其中包括ＰＭ２－５ 的质量浓度、离子和元素成分、酸度和酸化缓冲能力以及来源解析，研究结果表明，中国大部分地区ＰＭ２－５ 的污染较重，不论是质量浓度，还是各种主要成分浓度，在ＴＳＰ 和ＰＭ１０ 中都占有很高的比重，而ＰＭ２－５ 的酸度也远远高于ＴＳＰ 和ＰＭ１０ ，特别是近年来ＰＭ２－５ 污染还有相对加剧的趋势。     

医院污水处理系统工艺改进的研究初探

通过对昆明某医院污水处理系统工艺两次改造的实验研究表明:医院污水经深化处理后比未经深化处理污水的COD、SS、氨氮、色度、粪大肠菌群数都大幅度降低,达到了GB18466—2005《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》和GB l8920—2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》中冲厕及绿化用水。建议循环再利用。     

关于义县生态环境保护与建设方案

根据义县生态环境的现状及存在的问题，运用生态学原理，提出了水土保持与退耕还林还草、水资源保护与科学利用、农村能源建设、村屯生态建设、发展生态农业经济、自然保护区建设等相应的建设方案。