城市园林植物生态功能及其评价与优化研究进展

城市当前面临着越来越严重的环境问题.园林植物因其碳氧平衡、蒸腾吸热、吸污滞尘、减菌减噪、涵养水源、土壤活化和养分循环、维持生物多样性、景观功能、防灾减灾等生态功能在缓解城市环境压力方面起着至关重要的作用.为了使城市园林植物生态功能最大限度地发挥和城市生态环境得到较大改观,综述了国内外在城市园林植物生态功能及其评价与优化等方面的最新研究成果,分析研究中存在的不足之处.     

Occurrence, fate and antibiotic resistance of fluoroquinolone antibacterials in hospital wastewaters in Hanoi, Vietnam

Occurrence and behavior of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents (FQs) were investigated in hospital wastewaters in Hanoi, Vietnam. Hospital wastewater in Hanoi is usually not treated and this untreated wastewater is directly discharged into one of the wastewater channels of the city and eventually reaches the ambient aquatic environment. The concentrations of the FQs, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) in six hospital wastewaters ranged from 1.1 to 44 and from 0.9 to 17 micrgl(-1), respectively. Total FQ loads to the city sewage system varied from 0.3 to 14 g d(-1). Additionally, the mass flows of CIP and NOR were investigated in the aqueous compartment in a small wastewater treatment facility of one hospital. The results showed that the FQ removal from the wastewater stream was between 80 and 85%, probably due to sorption on sewage sludge. Simultaneously, the numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were measured and their resistance against CIP and NOR was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Biological treatment lead to a 100-fold reduction in the number of E. coli but still more than a thousand E. coli colonies per 100ml of wastewater effluent reached the receiving water. The highest resistance was found in E. coli strains of raw wastewater and the lowest in isolates of treated wastewater effluent. Thus, wastewater treatment is an efficient barrier to decrease the residual FQ levels and the number of resistant bacteria entering ambient waters. Due to the lack of municipal wastewater treatment plants, the onsite treatment of hospital wastewater before discharging into municipal sewers should be considered as a viable option and consequently implemented.     

N-methylcarbamate pesticides and their phenolic degradation products: hydrolytic decay,sequestration and metal complexation studies

We report on the rates of decomposition of a group of N-methylcarbamate (NMC) pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran and propoxur) under pre-determined tropical field conditions. Rates of decomposition for three NMCs were determined at pH 7.08 and T?=?20?°C and pH 7.70 and T = 33?°C respectively, as follows: carbaryl (78?days and 69?days); carbofuran (143?days and 83?days) and propoxur (116?days and 79?days). Investigation on methods for removal of NMCs and their phenolic decomposition products shows that activated charcoal outperforms zeolite, alumina, diatomaceous earth, cellulose and montmorillonite clay in the removal of both NMCs and phenols from aqueous solution. Furthermore, metal complexation studies on the NMCs and phenols showed that Fe (III) forms a complex with isopropoxyphenol (IPP) within which the Fe:IPP ratio is 1:3, indicative of the formation of a metal chelate complex with the formula Fe(IPP)₃.     

Potential health risks of toxic heavy metals and nitrate via commonly consumed bivalve and vegetable species in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to evaluate the health risks of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), inorganic arsenic (As), and nitrate exposure through the consumption of...     

Study of the Climate Change Impacts on Water Quality in the Upstream Portion of the Cau River Basin,Vietnam

This paper presents simulations of climate change impacts on water quality in the upstream portion of the Cau River Basin in the North of Vietnam. The integrated modeling system GIBSI was used to simulate hydrological processes, pollutant and sediment wash-off in the river basin, and pollutant transport and transformation in the river network. Three projections for climate change based on emission scenarios B1, B2, and A2 of IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) were considered. By assuming that the input pollution sources and watershed configuration were constant, based on 2008 data, water quality in the river network was simulated up to the terminal year 2050. For each climate change scenario, patterns of precipitation in wet and dry year were considered. The change in annual and monthly trends for dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and ammonium ions (NH4+) load and concentration for different portions of the watershed have been analyzed. The results of these simulations show that climate change has more impact on changing the seasonal water quality parameters than on altering the average annual load of the pollutants. The percent change and change pattern in water quality parameters are different for wet and dry year, and the changes in wet year are smaller than those in dry year.     

乌海市呼吸道疾病与大气污染的关系

文章通过对乌海市几年来的大气污染变化规律及呼吸道疾病患病率的统计,从乌海市的地理位置、气候特点、工业结构以及环境空气现状,结合乌海市环境监测中心站最近六年的环境空气现状监测结果,从室内、外诸方面探讨了乌海市大气污染现状的成因,提出本市呼吸道疾病患病率与大气污染间的必然联系,并对改善乌海市大气环境现状提出了一些具体措施,为当地政府环保决策提供了参考依据。     

内陆排污对杭州湾南岸滩涂湿地浮游桡足类群落结构的影响

2010年1月～2011年1月,在杭州湾南岸滩涂湿地5个断面(S1～S3为排水区,S4～S5为非排水区。)10个采样站进行桡足类群落结构的周年调查,分析了不同生态环境下桡足类群落的种类组成、密度、生物量和种类丰富度等时空变化特征。共发现桡足类19种,剑水蚤和猛水蚤各7种、哲水蚤5种,其中,8种为淡水种,11种为咸淡水种。根据种群的年平均密度和出现频度,淡水种类的优势种为汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和三角大吉猛水蚤(Tachidius triangularis),半咸淡水种类的优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbesi)。群落年平均密度变幅2.64～39.16/L,平均13.54/L;生物量0～2.078 mg/L,平均0.164 mg/L。哲水蚤的群落密度和生物量分别占总桡足类的29.32%和79.88%。密度季节变化以春季>秋季>夏季>冬季,水平变化以S3>S2>S1>S5>S4,S2断面中潮位比高潮位多67.00%。Margalef种类丰富度在1.20～6.20,平均3.35。污对中潮位桡足类群落的影响大于高潮位。     

Comparative Analysis of Viral Concentration Methods for Detecting the HAV Genome Using Real-Time RT-PCR Amplification

Hepatitis A is a major infectious disease epidemiologically associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR to detect the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in contaminated vegetables can be hindered by low-virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural PCR inhibitors in vegetables. This study evaluated three virus concentration methods from vegetables: polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration (UF), and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). UF was the most efficient concentration method, while PEG and IMS were very low for the recovery rate of HAV. These results demonstrate that UF is the most appropriate method for recovering HAV from contaminated vegetables and that this method combined with the real-time RT-PCR assay may be suitable for routine laboratory use.     

Have a correct understanding of the attribute of geologicenvironment give full play to the role ofgeoscience in environmental protection

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Application of WRF-Chem to simulate air quality over Northern Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) model is implemented and validated against ground-based observations for meteorological...