电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置的研究现状

概括了目前典型的电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置——椭圆驱动装置、冲击式驱动装置和蠕动式驱动装置的发展现状,介绍了这些装置的结构和工作原理,分析了其存在的不足,提出了改进措施.最后指出了电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置的发展趋势及其应用前景,并首次提出了电火花加工机器人的新概念.     

北京市环境政策评价研究

选取北京市 1985— 1999年环境经济数据 ,建立北京市经济增长与环境污染水平计量模型 ,为评价北京市环境政策提供依据。此实证研究得出两个重要结论 :北京市环境指标与人均GDP演替轨迹呈现显著的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征 ;但比发达国家较早实现了其环境库兹涅茨曲线转折点     

城市建设与地质灾害——以西安市为例

以西安市为例,论述了在城市和城市化过程中可能出现的各类地质灾害;对预防和治理这些地质灾害提出了相应的措施和对策.     

Antibiotic resistome mostly relates to bacterial taxonomy along a suburban transmission chain

• The α-diversities of resistome were lower in manure and compost than in soils. • There were significant correlations between the resistome and bacterial taxonomy. • Bacterial taxonomy was the highest in explaining resistome variances. Antibiotic resistance genes comprising antibiotic resistome are of great concern due to their increase in the environment. Recent evidence of shared resistomes between soils and animal husbandry has imposed potential risks to human health. However, the correlation between a given community’s resistome and bacterial taxonomic composition is controversial. Here, a transmission chain of resistomes from swine manure to compost and compost-amended soil were analyzed in five suburban areas of Beijing, China, with unamended agricultural soils as control soils. Antibiotic resistomes and bacterial taxonomic compositions were distinct between (I) manure and compost; and (II) compost-amended and control soils. In manure, compost, and compost-amended soils, the β-diversity of the resistome and bacterial taxonomic composition was significantly correlated, while no correlation was detected in control soils. Bacterial taxonomic composition explained 36.0% of total variations of the resistome composition, much higher than environmental factors. Together, those results demonstrated that antibiotic resistome was closely related to bacterial taxonomic composition along the suburban transmission chain.     

基于电化学传感器的大气NO2与O3监测研究

利用四电极电化学传感器开展大气NO₂和O₃监测研究.为解决温度和湿度对传感器响应的影响问题,提出了一种具有温湿度补偿与零点校正功能的大气NO₂和O₃测量结果校准模型,通过活性炭吸附特性获得干净的背景气体,实现传感器准确的零点校正,并利用实验系统实测数据结合多元线性回归方法获得校准模型参数.首先对传感器线性响应特性进行了测试,发现O₂和O₃的测量灵敏度分别为3.889 ppbv·mV^-1和4.107 ppbv·mV^-1.同时,在合肥西郊科学岛开展了为期2 d的大气NO₂和O₃连续观测,发现两者的浓度分别为0~30 ppbv和2~100 ppbv.最后将传感器观测结果与NO_x/O₃分析仪测量结果进行了回归分析,发现两者测得的NO₂线性拟合斜率为0.9701±0.0182,R²为0.8378,测得的O₃线性拟合斜率为0.9850±0.0101,R²为0.9431.研究表明,校准后的电化学传感器可用于大气NO₂和O₃的长期监测,可为推动大气环境监测技术发展提供新的思路.     

Spatiotemporal variations of water quality and their driving forces in the Yangtze River Basin,China, from 2008 to 2020 based on multi-statistical analyses

Water quality deterioration is a prominent issue threatening water security worldwide. As the largest river in China, the Yangtze River Basin is facing severe water pollution due to intense human activities. Analyzing water quality trends and identifying the corresponding driver factors are important components of sustainable water quality management. Thus, spatiotemporal characteristics of the water quality from 2008 to 2020 were analyzed by using a Mann–Kendall test and rescaled range analysis (R/S). In addition, multi-statistical analyses were used to determine the main driving factors of variation in the permanganate index (COD_Mn), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) concentration, and total phosphorus (TP) concentration. The results showed that the mean concentrations of NH₃–N and TP decreased from 0.31 to 0.16 mg/L and 0.16 to 0.07 mg/L, respectively, from 2008 to 2020, indicating that the water quality improved during this period. However, the concentration of COD_Mn did not reduce remarkably. Based on R/S analysis, the NH₃–N concentration was predicted to continue to decrease from 2020 to 2033, whereas the COD_Mn concentration was forecast to increase, highlighting an issue of great concern. In terms of spatial distribution, water quality in the upstream was better than that of the mid-downstream. Multi-statistical analyses revealed that the temporal variation in water quality was predominantly influenced by tertiary industry (TI), the nitrogen fertilizer application rate (N-FAR), the phosphate fertilizer application rate (P-FAR), and the irrigation area of arable land (IAAL), with contribution rates of 15.92%, 14.65%, 3.46%, and 2.84%, respectively. The spatial distribution of COD_Mn was mainly influenced by TI, whereas that of TP was primarily determined by anthropogenic activity factors (e.g., N-FAR, P-FAR). This study provides deep insight into water quality evolution in the Yangtze River Basin that can guide water quality management in this region.

Graphical abstract