转pBinMoBc基因棉花的培育与应用

采用农杆菌介导法将含有复合OM启动子和增强子Ω因子的外源基因pBinMoBc导入冀棉20中.转化再生株经分子检测表明,外源基因已整合到转基因植株基因组内,并得到了表达,转化外源基因插入拷贝数是1~2个.转化后代材料经6~7代选育为纯合品系2001pb-3.2001pb-3抗虫性较好,每公顷产皮棉1534.5kg,比对照增产18.68%.图5表3参4     

海带配子体克隆育苗生产中幼苗培育技术的研究

探索了海带配子体克隆育苗生产中的幼苗培育技术,试验证明,流水速度和洗刷压力是幼苗培育技术中的关键技术.其技术指标如下:在采苗结束时,(1)流水,应采取附苗后静水、24h后微流水(表层流速5cm/s以下)、72h后正常流水;(2)洗刷,在孢子体生长到8~16列c时开始以0.5kg/cm2的压力洗刷,以后随着孢子体的生长及附着力的提高逐渐增加洗刷强度和次数.结果显示,这样的措施可使配子体附着率达到80%以上、幼苗健壮、出苗质量达到国家一类帘标准,使克隆采苗自8~16列c期间的生长发育速度较常规孢子体采苗后的生长发育速度快20d.另外,还统计分析了克隆育苗和孢子体育苗两种大孢子体的主要经济性状,并从遗传角度证明前者种群变异程度明显小于后者.表6参16     

东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析

研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响，将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性，本文作者以我国东北过伐林区3种典型天然林类型为对象，采用典型相关分析方法，研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子。结果表明：影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率，树种多样性和林分密度；灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为68.32%,仍有31.68%的变异不能得到解释。     

松胞素B对人血淋巴细胞和CHL细胞微核率的影响

研究了不同浓度的松胞素Ｂ对人血淋巴细胞和中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（ＣＨＬ）分裂吉周期和微核率的影响。结果表明,松胞素Ｂ浓度增高过高能引起细胞微核率增高。在本研究中,对ＣＨＬ细胞微核率试验以３μｇ／ｍＬ松胞素Ｂ较适合;而对人血淋巴细胞微核试验,松胞素Ｂ浓度以２－４μｇ／ｍＬ为宜,松胞表Ｂ浓度过高会提高微核背景值,降低试验的灵敏度和精确性。     

Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming

Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTI_SD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTI_SD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTI_SD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.     

The influence of sorption material preparation on the removal of metal ions from the aqueous solution

ABSTRACT

Very important in adsorption processes is the preparation of material sorbents and from this reason, the impact of washing agent of raw sorbent was analysed. The adsorption capacity was studied in relation to the function of the equilibrium time, the amount of biosorbent and the initial metal(II) ions concentration. In this research for the sake of comparison, the sorptive properties of out-of-date coffee were compared to coffee washed with different agents (mineral acids and water). The scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the biosorbents and to identify the functional groups that participated in metal(II) ions bonding. The obtained results clearly indicate that the out-of-date coffee are effective biosorbent for cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution. However, for metal(II) ions removal efficiency could influence sorbent preparation and nickel(II) ions were best adsorbed on coffee washed with water, but cadmium(II) ions on raw biosorbent (out-of-date coffee). The best results of sorption were achieved after the contact time of 30 and 60?min, respectively for cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions.     

耕地保护中的政府责任

认为各级政府是耕地保护的主体，负有建设、管理和保护耕地的责任。十几年来，由于政府耕地保护责任的缺失，全国出现了相关法律法规缺乏协调、政策不连贯、执法力度不够、违法用地现象普遍等问题。今后应进一步落实政府责任制，为耕地保护创造良好的工作机制和条件，管理部门要提高耕地管理水平，公开政务信息，疏通司法审判渠道，切实保障农民的合法权益。     

增溶剂对Pd/ACF电极电还原水相中的2,4,5-PCB脱氯的影响

研究了Pd修饰活性炭毡(ACF)电极在不同增溶剂中(2,4,5-PCB)电催化还原脱氯效果,结果表明,以四烷基铵盐作为增溶剂时,2,4,5-PCB脱氯效率大体随着增溶剂疏水基团的增大而提高. 在增溶能力强的阳离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂溶液中,2,4,5-PCB的脱氯效果均较好.羟丙基-β-环糊精(HPCD)无毒无害易降解,且其溶液中2,4,5-PCB反应条件低,脱氯效果好,是较优的增溶剂.     

甲胺磷和乙草胺对产甲烷菌种群数量及其活性的影响

采用厌氧培养箱、气相色谱技术和MPN计数法,研究了甲胺磷和乙草胺在4种浓度(0 1、0 2、0 5和1 0mg·L-1)下对水稻田土壤产甲烷菌种群数量及其活性的影响。加甲胺磷后7d内刺激产甲烷菌种群的生长,数量增加0.2～44.1倍,每管的产甲烷量增加0.8～2.1倍,且刺激作用随药剂浓度的增加而增强;加乙草胺后7d内,产甲烷菌的生长受到抑制,数量下降了50%～99%,每管的产甲烷量显著减少,且抑制作用随药剂浓度的增加而增强。随着加药时间的延长,甲胺磷和乙草胺逐渐降解,产甲烷菌数量又恢复至原有水平。     

封闭垃圾填埋场通过地表向大气释放汞的测定

利用动力学通量箱及自动测汞仪联用技术,于2004年3月中旬对贵阳市的一座封闭生活垃圾填埋场汞通过地表向大气释放的过程进行了研究。3个采样点的汞释放通量日均值分别为559.1、88.2、53.6ng·m-2·h-1,汞释放通量强度与表层基质中的汞含量密切相关,该测定值高于世界背景地区通量的1~2个数量级,说明封闭垃圾填埋场也是大气汞的潜在来源。汞释放通量呈现明显的昼夜变化规律,白天较高并在午间前后达到最大,而夜间降至最低。气相因子中光照强度与汞的释放过程相关性最高,其次分别是气温、相对湿度、地温和风速。氧化态汞的光致还原作用是可能垃圾填埋场Hg0生成的主要途径,降雨初期能促进地表汞的释放。