废旧光盘的热解实验研究及其回收利用

为了探索光盘的热解试验,利用TG/DTG和DSC技术对废旧光盘的热解特性和热值进行试验研究。由废弃光盘得出的曲线与PC曲线相似,说明光盘的主成分为聚碳酸酯,聚碳酸酯的着火点低、燃尽温度高、燃烧热值高。废旧光盘中含有聚碳酸酯,可以将其作为钢铁冶金或者火力发电等高能耗生产中的固体燃料。这样既减少废旧光盘造成的固体污染,也使资源得到充分利用。由实验获得废旧光盘的热分解开始温度为460℃终止温度870℃,热值达到-19 258 J/g。     

净水厂滤池反冲洗水回收处理的工程实践

根据杭州市某净水厂现有净水工艺流程,分析了滤池反冲洗水的水质、水量及存在的问题。通过对反冲洗水的现场沉降试验,提出了滤池反冲洗水回收处理方案,即反冲洗水在回收水池中自然沉淀后,上层清液由回收水泵送至净水厂的进水再利用,下层沉淀的底流用排污泵送至污泥池与沉淀污泥一并浓缩脱水处理。工程实践表明,反冲洗水的回用处理方案技术可行,可以有效提高原水利用率,值得推广应用。     

滑坡三维局部稳定性评价研究

目前滑坡稳定性研究主要以滑坡整体为研究对象,而大部分滑坡特别是大型、特大型滑坡失稳破坏均从滑坡局部开始,因此从三维局部的角度对滑坡稳定性进行研究有其必要性。采用单元安全度法,以三峡库区某滑坡为例,运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对该滑坡各单元的安全系数进行计算,得到滑坡各部位稳定性系数分布图,并根据滑坡宏观变形和地表位移监测结果对滑坡的三维局部稳定性评价结果进行验证。结果表明:滑坡宏观变形和地表位移监测结果与三维局部稳定性评价结果较为一致;该滑坡目前整体较稳定,但滑坡前缘在降雨和库水的持续作用下将会发生失稳破坏。     

基于模糊FMEA法的乏燃料剪切机剪切装置风险评估

为了有效控制乏燃料后处理立式送料剪切机剪切装置在运行过程中的风险,采用基于模糊理论的故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)对剪切装置的故障模式进行风险评价。首先将风险优先指数(RPN)的3个评价指标视为模糊变量并模糊化,接着采用专家打分的方式对各故障模式进行模糊评价,采用重心法解模糊化,计算得出各故障模式的模糊风险优先指数(FRPN),从而确定机械设备中各故障模式的风险控制顺序。利用模糊FMEA法对乏燃料立式送料剪切机剪切装置的故障模式进行了风险评估,结果表明,吊篮焊接件裂纹、主刀体破损、刀具退刀固定档板变形为风险较大的故障模式,分析结果与工程实际较吻合。     

Relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong

This paper reports on a study which explored the possible relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong. A total of 212 residential complexes from 11 contrasting urban forms were sampled, and their noise levels assessed both at dwelling and neighbourhood scales by noise mapping. Its findings indicate that residential complexes with different urban forms have significantly different noisescape attributes. There is a strong correlation between the noise characteristics and morphological indicators at the dwelling scale. A less obstreperous noisescape is associated with urban forms with lower road and building densities, and with building arrangements which provide self-noise screening. These findings suggest that urban form is an influential determinant of the noisescape in the urban environment, and they point to the need to rethink the conventional approach to managing the urban acoustic environment.     

Variation of cholinergic biomarkers in brain regions and blood components of captive mink

Studies are increasingly using cholinergic parameters as biomarkers of early neurotoxicity, but few have characterized this system in ecologically relevant model organisms. In the present study, key neurochemicals in the cholinergic pathway were measured and analyzed from discrete parts of brain and blood from captive mink (Mustela vison). Similar to other mammals, the regional distribution of cholinergic parameters in the brain could be ranked from highest to lowest as: basal ganglia > occipital cortex > brain stem > cerebellum (F _3,192?=?172.1, p?<?0.001). Higher variation in cholinergic parameters was found in the cerebellum (coefficient of variation = 34.9%), and the least variation was measured in the brain stem (19.7%). Variation was also assessed by calculating the difference between the lowest and highest measures among individual animals: choline acetyltransferase (1.6× fold difference), cholinesterase (2.0×), muscarinic receptor levels (2.4×), acetylcholine (3.7×), nicotinic receptor levels (3.9×), and choline transporter (5.0×). In blood samples, activity and inter-individual variation of cholinesterase was highest in whole blood and lowest in plasma and serum. By using captive mink of a common genetic source, age, gender, and rearing conditions, these data help establish normal levels, ranges, and variations of cholinergic biomarkers among brain regions, blood components, and individual animals. Such information may better enable the utility of cholinergic biomarkers in environmental assessments.     

可耗竭资源开采追加投资行为研究

目前,我国可耗竭资源开采回采率普遍较低,企业可以通过追加投资来提高资源的管理及技术水平,进而提高资源开采回采率,减少资源浪费.文中基于Hotelling横向差异化模型,构建了一个三阶段动态博弈模型,采用逆向归纳法的思路,分析了可耗竭资源开采企业追加投资的动态行为.首先在企业通过竞争形成的价格和市场份额给定的基础上,分析第三阶段实行价格歧视消费者的转移情况,得到两企业的竞争策略;接着将第三阶段的最优价格策略和利润考虑到第二阶段中,讨论两企业的价格竞争均衡问题,分别得到两企业的需求;最后将第二阶段的利润贴现到第一阶段,可得到企业追加投资的策略,给出了该动态博弈模型存在唯一子博弈完美纳什均衡的条件和企业最佳追加投资规模.研究结果表明,要使企业追加投资就必须要求追加投资的回报率足够高,当企业追加投资的回报率很高时,只要较小的追加投入就会产生较大的边际成本减少量,获得较大的竞争优势,甚至会将不进行追加投资企业挤出市场;当投资回报率给定时,企业追加投资的激励是取决于其耐心,即企业对未来收益关注越多,则追加投资的规模也越大.     

淡水超微型浮游植物的生态学及其研究方法概述

对淡水超微型浮游植物的研究方法和生态学进行了概述。为防止细胞的自溶和荧光特性的改变,淡水超微型浮游植物通常采用多聚甲醛和戊二醛作为固定剂并在低温下保存。在表面荧光显微镜下可以观察到含藻红素的蓝藻（PE 细胞）、含藻蓝素的蓝藻（PC细胞）以及以叶绿素为主要色素的超微型真核浮游植物（EU 细胞）3 种类群。在淡水生态系统中，影响超微型浮游植物变化的环境因子主要有温度、营养盐的可获得性、摄食、光照以及环境的污染。总体而言，高温有利于超微型蓝藻、低温利于真核藻类的生长。超微型浮游植物的丰度随着水体的营养增加而增加，但其贡献率却减少。淡水超微型浮游植物的研究主要集中在温带水体，对热带和亚热带水体的研究需要加强，而我国对淡水超微型浮游植物生态学研究基本处于空白。     

Mass communication and pro-environmental behaviour: waste recycling in Hong Kong

Treatment of domestic waste has been one of the major environmental problems in Hong Kong. The Government has a stated policy to advocate the minimization of waste disposal through the encouragement of waste reduction, re-use and recycling. The current study applies Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour to predict behavioural intention and actual behaviour of voluntary use of waste recycling receptacles. A systematic random sample of 173 household members in a public housing estate were interviewed. The results indicated that attitude was the major factor in predicting behavioural intention, followed by behavioural control and social norms. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived control together explained 44% of the variance of behavioural intention. Perception of mass media as a major source of subjective norm was first introduced and tested. Mass communication stood out as one of the major sources of influence in establishment of subjective norms. The study has the implication that more publicity messages should be put on the mass media to promote green behaviours.