应用三种不同处理方法消解土壤的研究

本文采用3种不同的消解方法对环境土壤标准物质ESS-2和ESS-3进行处理,火焰原子分光光度法分别测定其中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)元素的含量.3种消解方法为:电热板消解法、微波消解法和全自动消解法.分析测定结果探讨这3种消解方法的优缺点,以期获得最经济实效的消解手段.实验证明:微波消解法操作简便快捷、赶酸时间短、无污粢、准确度高、精密度好,因此提高了工作效率.     

动态平衡法测试气候舱回收率的方法研究

气候舱法凭借可靠的环境模拟特性和非破坏性,是目前国际与国内广泛采用的实验室检测方法,常用于检测木制品家具、建筑材料和汽车中的有害物质。本研究测定挥发性有机化合物组分的气候舱法回收率,发现持续注射甲苯3h后浓度才达到动态平衡,3h后的平均回收率为87.7%,证明动态平衡法适用于测定气候舱回收率的测定,同时证明了气候舱法测定VOC组分能够符合标准的要求。     

Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6的制备及其可见光催化活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ的研究

采用一锅水热合成法制备Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6光催化剂,对Bi2MoO6的主体结构进行修饰和调整.在可见光LED照射下,利用合成的Fe-Bi2MoO6催化剂活化过一硫酸盐(PMS,peroxymonosulfate,oxone)对偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ进行光催化降解.采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对催化剂的形貌微观结构和化学价态进行表征,并应用在光催化活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ的过程中.结果表明,催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,PMS投加量为0.4 mmoL/L,初始pH值接近中性条件下,Fe-Bi2MoO6材料对橙黄Ⅱ的去除率可以达到100％.经过Fe掺杂后,Fe取代一部分的Bi3+,致使主体晶格出现畸变,不仅有利于光生电子和空穴的产生、分离和转移,还增强了 Bi2MoO6的光催化活性.Fe-Bi2MoO6光催化剂经重复使用5次后对橙黄Ⅱ的降解率仍然可以达到89.1％以上,具有优秀的光催化稳定性能.活性自由基的出现在光催化降解过程中起到主要作用,由此展示出一种潜在的光催化降解机制,且Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6比单纯Bi2MoO6具有更好的光催化降解稳定性.     

Geological emission of methane from the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China

A static flux chamber method was applied to study natural emissions of methane into the atmosphere in the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China. Using an online method, which couples a gas chromatography/high-temperature conversion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/MS) together, the 13C/12C ratios of methane in the flux chambers were measured. The results demonstrated that methane gases were liable to migrate from deep oil/gas reservoir to the surface through microseepage and p...     

BI废水制取己二酸过程中分解反应催化剂的研究

以环己烷空气氧化装置产生的酸性洗涤废水(BI有机废水)为原料,通过分析不同条件下分解氧化产物组成,考察了分解反应催化剂种类、用量及分解反应时间对产物二元酸的分布及己二酸表观收率的影响。试验结果表明,在钴盐存在下使BI有机废水浓缩液回流反应120min以上,再经硝酸氧化可使由BI有机废水制取己二酸的表观收率达到BI有机废水总质量的10%～12%。     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌同步除磷脱氮实验研究

实验采用海藻酸钠和PVA添加膨润土包埋固定经富集驯化的以反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)为主的活性污泥,利用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜考察了固定化小球的形态和表面结构,并对厌氧/好氧条件下,包埋小球除磷脱氮性能进行探讨,结果表明:固定化小球具有良好的强化生物除磷和较好的反硝化脱氮性能,体系的COD去除率平均达74.9%,平均除磷效率为95.3%,氨氮平均去除率达到95.2%左右。小球若长时间缺氧,在其内部会出现厌氧区,并产生厌氧放磷现象。     

厌氧生物流化床处理啤酒废水动力学研究

通过合理假设推导出了厌氧生物流化床处理啤酒废水过程中的基质降解的动力学模型和微生物生长的动力学模型,并通过实验测出了模型中的相关参数.     

纳米聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂的水热法制备及其应用

水热法合成了一种新的无机絮凝剂-纳米聚合硫酸铁(PFS).运用傅立叶-红外(FT-IR)、X-rav粉末衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等现代仪器对制得的纳米聚合硫酸铁进行了表征;讨论了聚合硫酸铁的絮凝机理以及纳米聚合硫酸铁的分子形态;考察了制备影响因素.为了检测样品的絮凝性能,实验选用传统的絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺和聚合氯化铝作对比,分别对镇江段长江水样进行了絮凝烧杯实验.实验结果表明,在各自的最佳絮凝条件下,纳米聚合硫酸铁的CODCr,去除率和浊度去除率分别为82.9%和90.3%,比传统的絮凝剂具有更好的絮凝性能.     

不同起始数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻种间竞争的影响

通过共培养的方法,研究了不同起始数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻之间种间竞争的影响.结果表明:不同的接种数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻种群竞争关系有明显的影响.在3种不同的接种比例下,赤潮异弯藻在与东海原甲藻的生长竞争中始终占优势,对东海原甲藻的生长存在抑制作用,且随着起始数量的提高,其种群竞争生长的优势愈加明显,对东海原甲藻生长的抑制作用愈加显著.东海原甲藻仅在较高的起始数量(处理I,H:P=1:4)下,对赤潮异弯藻的生长才表现出一定的抑制作用,处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ(H:P=1:1和H:P=4:1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长均无影响.     

Effect of soil crust on evaporation and dew deposition in Mu Us sandy land, China

The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process. This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand, primitive biotic crust, and advanced biotic crust, respectively, in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006. The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant. The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust, primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8, 6.6, and 6.5 mm/d, respectively, and water content is around 16.2 % in the condition of initially identical soil. The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d. The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d, respectively, with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments. Also, the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand. The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition. Therefore, the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land.