长江经济开放开发带湖北科技发展态势及对策

湖北长江经济带的开放开发是在经济发展具有一定实力基础上的再开放再开发，只有以科技为主导，才能使其立足高起点，体现高水平，实现新突破，要始终把握“围绕一条主线，把握两个坚持，努力实现四化”的指导思想，着力建设湖北沿江高新产业带，星火技术密集带，信息公路网络带（一江三带），使湖北长江经济带成为我国中部的科技走廓，为此，要优化科技资源配置，提高研究开发投资水平，建设“八个中心”健全科技服务体系，完善宏观     

浙江省灾害预防与经济协调发展的系统动态学模型

本文运用系统工程原理和系统动态学方法,构造了浙江省灾害预防与社会经济协调发展的系统动态学模型,并运用该模型对浙江省进行了初步的仿真研究,以寻求适宜的防灾政策。     

Preparation of hapten-specific monoclonal antibody for cadmium and its ELISA application to aqueous samples

High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies against cadmium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex have been produced using the hybridoma technique. A hapten was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of cadmium in aqueous sample was developed. The monoclonal antibody with high level of binding affinity for Cd-IEDTA-BSA and high specificity for soluble Cd-EDTA complex showed less than 0.99% cross-reactivity with other 11 metals. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg·L⁻¹, and the effective linear range was 10⁻¹–10³ μg·L⁻¹. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations were 1.5%–6.3% and 3.2%–7.4%, respectively. The spike recovery in different water samples were between 98.5% and 110.3%. The detection limit of this assay was well below the allowable concentration of cadmium (3 μg·L⁻¹), and the working range was wider than that of other methods which showed the range of 2.19–86.38 and 0–10³ μg·L⁻¹. The competitive ELISA established in this paper was sensitive and accurate in the screening of cadmium in aqueous samples. The results will lay a solid foundation for construction of an immunoassay kit for cadmium.     

高效液相色谱在水环境监测中的应用分析

现阶段,随着我国城市化建设的不断推进,一些大型工程的施工以及工业的发展,都成为了对于水资源造成污染和破坏的主要因素,因此对于水资源的保护迫在眉睫。为了能够进一步保护水资源,通过高效液相色谱来开展水环境监测工作,能够更加全面和高效地监测水资源的污染情况,进而为之后的水环境治理工作提供有力支持。本文主要阐述了高效液相色谱的系统构成,并分析了该技术在水环境监测工作中的具体应用。     

泥石流堵塞坝溃决模式实验

为了研究泥石流堵塞坝溃决的模式,采用模型实验对堵塞坝溃决的过程进行模拟,实验历时2个月,共13组.实验中,通过改变主沟的水力参数和坝体参数研究泥石流堵塞坝溃决的全过程,并作了相关记录.通过对理论和实验数据的分析,泥石流堵塞坝的溃决形式有3种:冲刷溃决、有表面流的泥石流堆积体水力再启动、没有表面流的泥石流堆积体重力再启动.讨论了冲刷溃决中颗粒启动和有面流泥石流水力再启动的临界条件,并分析了启动流速u0和颗粒粒径D之间的关系;分析了泥石流重力再启动时堵塞坝坡面破坏的一般形式和特征;通过实验数据对不同溃决形式的溃决条件进行了验证,结果比较吻合.     

螺旋藻的应用价值及环境保护功能

本文综述了螺旋藻的基本特性，营养价值，药用价值及开发利用现状，着重讨论了螺旋藻的能源价值和在环境污染净化中的作用，展望了应用发展前景。     

Bacterial communities regulate temporal variations of the antibiotic resistome in soil following manure amendment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) represents a global threat to human health. Land application of animal manure is known...     

The effect of Mg<Superscript>2+</Superscript> on digestion performance and microbial community structures in sludge digestion systems

The important criteria in anaerobic digestion is the rate-limiting step which decides the fate of value-added products especially from waste-activated sludge (WAS). Hence, the present study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg²⁺) addition on anaerobic digestion of WAS. The lab-scale experiments were conducted at 25 °C with Mg²⁺ doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 mol/L. Maximum total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production (372.78 mg COD/L) occurred at a Mg²⁺ dose of 0.2 mol/L, which was about eight times higher than the control tests. Further, Mg²⁺ addition facilitated sludge dewaterability and phosphorus removal. The mechanism of improved VFAs generation was analyzed from the view of both chemical and biological effects. Chemical effect significantly enhanced the release of calcium and iron in WAS, resulting in the disintegration of WAS, which benefited hydrolysis and acidification processes. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis revealed that enrichment of functional bacteria and the increase of bacterial diversity were obtained in the 0.2 mol Mg²⁺/L experiment, while the influence was negative on the reactor with 0.025 mol/L Mg²⁺. Meanwhile, methanogens were accordantly inhibited in the experiments with Mg²⁺ addition.     

白腐真菌对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)降解的研究

研究白腐真菌对多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解,结果表明,温度、培养基、氧气浓度、水土比对PAHs的降解均有影响.温度为25℃、营养液为查氏培养基、通气量为60L·d-1、水土比为5∶1为最优水平组合.对降解不同时期各种因素的重要性及其最优水平的分析表明,各种影响因素在降解实验的不同阶段的影响程度不同,降解实验初期,培养基是最重要的影响因素,而氧气在整个实验中均为重要的影响因素.