Plot-scale spatiotemporal variations of CO2 concentration and flux across water–air interfaces at aquaculture shrimp ponds in a subtropical estuary

Human activities have increased anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, which are believed to play important roles in global warming. The spatiotemporal variations of CO₂ concentration and flux at fine spatial scales in aquaculture ponds remain unclear, particularly in China, the country with the largest aquaculture. In this study, the plot-scale spatiotemporal variations of water CO₂ concentration and flux, both within and among ponds, were researched in shrimp ponds in Shanyutan Wetland, Min River Estuary, Southeast China. The average water CO₂ concentration and flux across the water–air interface in the shrimp ponds over the shrimp farming period varied from 22.79?±?0.54 to 186.66?±?8.71 μmol L^?1 and from ??0.50?±?0.04 to 2.87?±?0.78 mol m^?2 day^?1, respectively. There was no remarkable difference in CO₂ concentration and flux within the ponds, but significantly spatiotemporal differences in CO₂ flux were observed between shrimp ponds. Chlorophyll a, pH, salinity, air temperature, and morphometry were the important factors driving the spatiotemporal patterns of CO₂ flux in the shrimp ponds. Our findings highlighted the importance and spatiotemporal variations of CO₂ flux in the important coastal ecosystems.

     

Remote estimation of cyanobacterial blooms using the risky grade index (RGI) and coverage area index (CAI): a case study in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are exemplified as a major environmental concern due to producing toxin, and have generated a serious threat to public...     

Effects of Artificial Sand Fixing on Community Characteristics of a Rare Desert Shrub

Eremosparton songoricum (Fabaceae) is a rare, native, clonal small shrub of the deserts of central Asia. Although human activities have greatly fragmented the distribution of E. songoricum, it occurs in areas where artificial sand fixing (AS) has been implemented. We sought to explore whether AS promotes survival and growth of E. songoricum. In the Gurbantunggut Desert of northwestern China in June 2010, we established 10 plots in an area where sand fixing occurred (5–10 years previously) and 11 plots on original sand substrate on which some plants had settled without fixing sand. Sand fixing changed soil properties and biological characteristics in sand‐fixed plots. The soil surface where sand fixing occurred was covered by algal crusts and some lichen, but not bare sand (BS). Soil nutrients; water content of deep soil (30–150 cm); overall plant and herbaceous species richness, diversity, abundance, and cover; above‐ and belowground biomass; and cover, biomass, and height of E. songoricum in the sand‐fixed plots were significantly greater than in plots of BS. However, distribution of E. songoricum individuals in the 2 types of plots did not differ. Our results indicate AS may enhance survival of E. songoricum and increase the overall diversity and stability of the desert plant community. We suggest AS as a way to protect this rare desert plant in situ. Efectos de la Fijación Artificial de Arena sobre las Características de la Comunidad de un Arbusto Desértico Raro     

国际空港新特点与我国空港资源的综合利用

国际空港是社会经济高度发展和工业化、城市化和现代化的重要特征。研究国外空港现代化特点为发展我国空港可以提供有益的经验与方法，实现我国空港资源最大化的合理利用。特别是在全球经济一体化的新形势下，国际空港具有大型化、规模化的时代特征，同时要适应复杂气候变化的情况，机场全天候、引导系统自动化，各项设施达到国际一流水平。在今后的世界经济与城市化快速发展过程中，我国的空港资源利用应从3个方面去分析，机场的新建扩建应按照科学发展观的思想，按不同等级机场，应有适当的分工，明确空港的综合功能，并与其它交通运输方式相互利用、取长补短，有利于我国航空运输专业化。充分利用空港各类资源，发挥空运的快捷、安全、准确的优势，将我国的航空运输业推向现代化、国际化。     

Kinetic study of the removal of dimethyl phthalate from an aqueous solution using an anion exchange resin

Phthalate acid esters are becoming an important class of pollutants in wastewaters. This study addresses the kinetics of removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) using the anion exchange resin D201-OH from an aqueous solution. The effects of various factors on the removal rate and efficiency were investigated. An overall initial removal rate (OIRR) law and a pseudo first-order kinetic (PFOK) model were also developed. The internal diffusion of DMP within the resin phase of D201-OH is the rate-controlling step. Optimization of the particle size and pore structure of the resin D201-OH, the DMP concentration, and the reaction temperature can improve the DMP removal rate. The hydrolysis reaction of DMP catalyzed by D201-OH indicates an overall reaction order of 1.76, a value that is between the first order and the second order. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 34.6 kJ/mol, which is below the homogeneous alkaline hydrolysis activation energy of 44.3 kJ/mol. The OIRR law can quantify the initial removal rate under different conditions. The results also show that the theoretical DMP removal efficiency predicted by the PFOK model agrees well with the experimentally determined values. Our research provides valuable insights into the primary parameters influencing the kinetic process, which enables a focused improvement in the removal or hydrolysis rate for similar processes.     

基于机制分解法长江口南汇潮滩悬移质泥沙通量研究

基于实测资料以长江河口南汇潮滩为例，对传统机制分解法进行改进，将机制分解计算中的含沙量项按悬沙粒径进行分组处理，分为63～250、16～63、4～16、05～4 μm 4个粒径组，对各粒径组泥沙的净输移通量分别进行机制分解计算，分析不同粒径组泥沙的各机制分解项对悬沙净输移通量的贡献。研究表明不同粒级的泥沙其控制输沙的潮滩动力因子不同。相当于粘土类（0.5～3.9 μm）和细粉砂类（3.9～16 μm）粒级的悬移质泥沙，平均流项T1+T2及潮泵项T3+T4+T5对其输移起控制作用；相当于粗粉砂类（16～62.5 μm）和细砂类（62.5～250 μm）粒级的悬移质泥沙，潮泵项T3～T5、潮振荡项T6～T8起控制作用。同时，对不同水深条件下同粒级悬沙净输移通量的机制分解项的比较，当悬沙输移过程由深水进入浅水时，潮泵项的贡献急剧减小，且不受大小潮汛、悬沙颗粒粒级粗细的影响     

莱钢1~# 1880m~3高炉出铁场除尘系统改造

对1 880 m3高炉出铁场除尘系统存在问题进行分析,查找制约原有系统除尘效果的原因,并利用技术改造,提高系统风量和除尘效果,有效地降低了岗位粉尘浓度,改善了现场周围环境,取得了较好的社会效益和环保效益.     

春季沙尘过程对华东高山背景区域颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的影响

于2014年3—5月在国家大气背景监测福建武夷山站采集了PM2.5及PM2.5~10样品,利用离子色谱对其中的水溶性组分进行分析,并同步收集气象因子及污染物质量浓度数据,结合后向气流轨迹,分离出受沙尘影响的样品,探讨了春季沙尘过程华东高山背景区域颗粒物中水溶性组分的特征.结果表明,春季武夷山背景点沙尘影响期间颗粒物质量浓度及各水溶性离子浓度均比非沙尘期高,在粗粒子中表现更为明显;沙尘期间NO-3在粗粒子中明显富集,NO-3浓度显著升高;受沙尘影响,粗粒子中阳离子与阴离子的当量浓度比及NO2的二次转化率均明显升高.