河北邯郸钢铁冶炼区周边麦田土和小麦籽粒的多环芳烃含量及其组分谱特征

在大型邯郸钢铁公司周边不同样区的麦田成对采集表层土壤和成熟的小麦籽粒样品,检测US EPA优控的16种母体多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度和组分谱,确定当地麦田表土PAHs的空间分布特征、与总有机碳TOC分数的相关性.由此,初步开展PAHs源解析,并简单探讨小麦籽粒PAHs与表土PAHs的关联性.结果表明,麦田表土总PAHs平均中位数含量为398.9 ng·g-1(范围123.4~1 626.4 ng·g-1),根据丹麦的土壤质量标准,所有表土样品中PAHs总含量超过限值占18%,而苯并[a]芘含量超过限值的样品占总数的10%.表土PAHs组分谱以中、高环组分为主体.利用同分异构体特征比值进行初步源解析,显示煤与生物质燃烧和交通燃油(尾气)是当地PAHs主要混合排放源.各样区麦田表土TOC分数与PAHs总含量、与不同环数组分含量都呈现类似的显著正相关.邯郸钢铁公司周边麦田小麦籽粒的总PAHs平均中位数含量为27.0 ng·g-1(范围19.0~34.0 ng·g-1),PAHs含量较低且未超过欧盟与国内的相关食品卫生标准.小麦籽粒中优势低环组分占总体的84%,其组分谱分布与麦田表土有所不同,显示小麦籽粒的PAHs除去根部吸收、传输外,还存在大气干湿沉降通过叶表(气孔)进入小麦体内等其它输入途径.     

利用Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物净化水中的磷

研究了利用Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物净化水中磷的过程。实验结果表明,在吸附剂的制备过程中,加入Cu可以显著提高吸附剂对水中磷的净化效率,Cu的适宜加入量为Cu/Fe摩尔比1∶2。在磷净化过程中,p H值对Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物的净化效率有显著影响,较低的p H值有利于磷的净化;水中磷的净化率随吸附剂用量的增加而增加,适宜的投加量为0.2 g/100 m L;吸附剂对水中磷的净化速度较快,磷的吸附率在5 min内达到87.08%,吸附2 h达到平衡,磷的净化率为98.85%;Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物净化水中磷的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,磷的最大吸附量为11.36 mg/g。     

探析雨水花园在住区中的应用——以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区雨水花园设计为例

城市的发展与扩张导致生物栖息地与农林用地的减少,同时大量不透水材料的应用,打破了雨水的良性循环,导致城市洪涝干旱年年发生.于是,雨水花园更为广泛的应用模式成为了城市建设者们探索的焦点.以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区为例,该设计尝试将雨水花园与住区景观设计相结合,营造一个安全、生态、经济、美观的城市绿色住区环境.图1,参5.     

Cloning and expression analysis of ScBAK1 gene and its alternative spliceosome in sugarcane北大核心CSCD

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important part of regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. BAK1 (Brassinosteroid insensitive1-associated receptor kinase 1) is a specific type of plant serine/threonine protein kinases, and can regulate growth and development and natural immunization. To reveal the responses of sugarcane BAK1 gene to the adverse environment, a ScBAK1 gene and its alternative spliceosome, termed ScBAK1 (GenBank accession number: KP032226) and ScBAK1 S1 (GenBank accession number: KP032227), were cloned from leaf cDNA of Yacheng 05-179 utilizing the methods of electronic cloning and RT-PCR. The open reading frame (ORF) length of ScBAK1/ScBAK1 S1 gene was 1 860bp/1 770bp, encoding 619/589 amino acids residues. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 69.28 kDa/ 65.76 kDa. Both proteins were located in plasma membrane, estimated as acid, hydrophikic and secretive proteins. Random coil and alpha helix gave priority to extended strand in their secondary structure without beta turn. The most important protein function was cell envelope, secondly biosynthesis of amino acids and cofactors. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of sugarcane ScBAK1 S1 gene exhibited the reduced expression trend under smut fungus stress and various abiotic exogenous stresses, including SA, CuCl2, PEG, ABA, NaCl and JA, while the expression of ScBAK1 gene was induced by SA, CuCl2, PEG, NaCl and smut fungus stresses. The phenomenon showed that the absent sequences or amounts of ScBAK1 S1 gene plays a key role in the response of ScBAK1 to the stress of sugarcane smut fungus, osmotic stress and cell growth. The differential expression of ScBAK1 and ScBAK1 S1 lays a foundation for further research on the function of ScBAK1 gene under biotic and abiotic stress.     

气质联用测定胶州湾北岸潮间带底泥中的新型溴代阻燃剂

本文利用索式提取和复合硅胶层析柱净化技术对底泥样品进行前处理,以BDE30、PCB209L为回收率添加标,以BDE118为进样内标,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对胶州湾北岸潮间带底泥中的7种非多溴联苯醚(non-PBDE)类溴代阻燃剂(1,3,5-三溴苯(TBB)、2,3,5,6-四溴对二甲苯(p TBX)、五溴甲苯(PBT)、三溴苯乙烯(PBEB)、六溴苯(HBB)、六氯二溴辛烷(HCDBCO)、2,2',4,4',5,5'-六溴联苯(BB153))进行分析.结果表明:各化合物的仪器检出限在0.03—0.59 ng·g-1之间、定量限在0.09—1.96 ng·g-1之间;底泥中各化合物的加标回收率在80%—107%之间;回收率添加标BDE30和PCB209L的回收率分别为80%—95%和85%—105%.实验中实际检出5种non-PBDE类溴代阻燃剂(TBB、PBT、PBEB、HBB、HCDBCO),其含量在0.13—0.96 ng·g-1(干重)之间.Non-PBDE类溴代阻燃剂进行主成分分析和相关性分析表明:PBEB和HCDBCO是底泥中的两大主要成分,具有相似的源-水体-底泥转化效率.TBB与其他溴代阻燃剂呈现负相关,相关系数为-0.130—-0.461;PBEB与HBB的相关系数r为0.813(α=0.05),可能来源于同一种溴代阻燃剂的降解.     

流动注射在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮研究

采用San++流动分析仪在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮,样品浓度在0.00~5.0 mg/L与峰高有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6)。进行了标准样品考核和实际水样的流动注射法和国标方法的比对分析。实验结果表明:采用流动注射在线消解测定水中TN,其标样测定值均在保证值范围内,相对标准偏差小于3%;两种方法测定实际水样的结果无显著性差异且具有很好的一致性,加标回收实验的回收率在90.0%~97.7%之间,能满足地表水及排放废水中TN监测要求。     

浅析海洋环境影响评价的公众参与方法研究

海洋环境影响评价中的公众参与是海洋工程建设项目过程的重要内容,公众参与的具体实施方法和过程决定了公众参与的有效性,公众参与的相关信息反馈到项目建设的环境保护中,才能达到经济、社会、环境效益的协调和统一。文章对海洋环境影响评价公众参与过程中的对象及调查方法以及公众参与的具体实践方式,公众参与的信息发布方式和调查问卷内容,公众意见汇总及信息反馈等进行分析并提出建议,通过对海洋环境影响评价的公众参与实施具体方法进行讨论,为推动环境影响评价公众参与制度的科学化、规范化提供支持。     

渗滤液反渗透浓缩液回灌出水水质变化规律的研究

为更科学合理地选择回灌填埋体提供一定的理论依据,对3个不同年份垃圾柱的回灌出水进行了水质变化规律的研究.采用成都某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液反渗透浓缩液,对装填了填埋龄为1、5和15 a垃圾的垃圾柱开展了回灌实验,研究了回灌出水中酸碱度、总有机碳、氨氮、硝态氮、重金属的变化规律.结果表明,1 a垃圾柱处于产甲烷化阶段,具有较好的去除硝态氮的能力,硝态氮的降解率达到了88%以上,但出水有机物、氨氮浓度较高,对指标的改变主要通过生物作用;5 a垃圾柱已接近稳定化,但还没有矿化垃圾的典型特征,吸附能力与生物作用均较差,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni的削减能力较小;15 a柱具有较好的吸附能力和络合能力,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni具有较好的削减能力,初期的去除率分别达到了90%、78%、93%、74%,但随着回灌进行会接近或达到吸附容量,需要控制回灌过程和进度.     

夏季珠江三角洲地区PM2.5化学组分特征及其对大气能见度的影响

于2010年夏季在珠三角主要城市广州、佛山、东莞、深圳、珠海以及广州郊区从化同步采集PM2.5样品,利用热光反射碳分析仪和离子色谱分别分析样品中有机碳/元素碳和水溶性离子浓度,并同步收集能见度和气象数据.在此基础上对珠三角主要城市大气PM2.5中主要化学成分的浓度水平和空间分布特征进行分析,并利用IMPROVE方程重建大气消光系数,探讨PM2.5的主要化学组分对大气能见度的影响.结果发现,观测期间珠三角地区PM2.5中的主要化学成分空间分布特征明显,广州、佛山和东莞浓度较高,珠海和深圳浓度较低.(NH4)2SO4、有机物(OM)、EC和NH4NO3对夏季珠三角大气消光系数贡献率分别为39%、31%、12%和13%.     

Effect of plant harvest on methane emission from two constructed wetlands designed for the treatment of wastewater

The emission of methane from two constructed wetlands [a free water surface flow system (FWS) and a subsurface flow system (SF)], constructed for the treatment of waste water, was evaluated at different sites inhabited by reeds (Phragmites communis), to test the effects of plant harvest. High methane emission was recorded immediately after harvesting in both wetlands. Several days after harvesting, the emission decreased in the FWS but remained high in the SF. The variation was significantly influenced by temperature, with lower emission and higher dissolved CH(4) in water occurring at lower temperatures. Both the emission and concentration of dissolved CH(4) were also influenced significantly by water quality, wetland design, level of stalk butt left above the water level, etc. The methane flux was explained on the basis of rizhospheric methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial populations. FISH analysis indicated the presence of Type A and Type B methanotrophs in both wetlands, and the methane flux was directly influenced by the quantitative variation in methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria in both wetlands.