华东区域高山背景点PM10 和PM2.5 背景值及污染特征

为了解华东森林及高山背景区域大气中PM10和PM2.5质量浓度的变化特征,选取国家大气背景监测福建武夷山站2011年3月～2012年2月PM10、PM2.5为期1 a的监测数据,研究其浓度变化特征及其影响因子,并利用后向轨迹模式探讨区域输送对背景区域PM10和PM2.5质量浓度的影响.结果表明:华东森林及高山区域现阶段PM10和PM2.5背景浓度分别为(23±16)μg·m-3和(18±12)μg·m-3;PM10和PM2.5浓度具有相同的季节变化特征,即春季>秋季>冬季>夏季,2011年春季武夷山背景点因受沙尘远距离输送影响,PM10和PM2.5浓度明显高于其它三季;武夷山背景地区主要以细粒子为主,PM2.5/PM10年平均比值为0.76;PM10和PM2.5浓度与气体污染物均有较好的相关性,表明PM10和PM2.5可能来源于区域人为污染源的输送和二次粒子转化;2011年4月的污染事件与北方沙尘输送有关,而9月的污染事件主要与华东高污染负荷区的污染物输送有关.     

Genomewide analysis indicates that queen larvae have lower methylation levels in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

The honey bee is a social insect characterized by caste differentiation, by which a young larva can develop into either a queen or a worker. Despite possessing the same genome, queen and workers display marked differences in reproductive capacity, physiology, and behavior. Recent studies have shown that DNA methylation plays important roles in caste differentiation. To further explore the roles of DNA methylation in this process, we analyzed DNA methylome profiles of both queen larvae (QL) and worker larvae (WL) of different ages (2, 4, and 6 day old), by using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (meDIP-seq) technique. The global DNA methylation levels varied between the larvae of two castes. DNA methylation increased from 2-day- to 4-day-old QL and then decreased in 6-day-old larvae. In WL, methylation levels increased with age. The methylcytosines in both larvae were enriched in introns, followed by coding sequence (CDS) regions, CpG islands, 2 kbp downstream and upstream of genes, and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). The number of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in 2-, 4-, and 6-day-old QL and WL was 725, 3,013, and 5,049, respectively. Compared to 4- and 6-day-old WL, a large number of genes in QL were downmethylated, which were involved in many processes including development, reproduction, and metabolic regulation. In addition, some DMGs were concerned with caste differentiation.     

Experiment-based investigations of magnesium dust explosion characteristics

An experimental investigation was carried out on magnesium dust explosions. Tests of explosion severity, flammability limit and solid inerting were conducted thanks to the Siwek 20 L vessel and influences of dust concentration, particle size, ignition energy, initial pressure and added inertant were taken into account. That magnesium dust is more of an explosion hazard than coal dust is confirmed and quantified by contrastive investigation. The Chinese procedure GB/T 16425 is overly conservative for LEL determination while EN 14034-3 yields realistic LEL data. It is also suggested that 2000-5000 J is the most appropriate ignition energy to use in the LEL determination of magnesium dusts, using the 20 L vessel. It is essential to point out that the overdriving phenomenon usually occurs for carbonaceous and less volatile metal materials is not notable for magnesium dusts. Trends of faster burning velocity and more efficient and adiabatic flame propagation are associated with fuel-rich dust clouds, smaller particles and hyperbaric conditions. Moreover, Inerting effectiveness of CaCO₃ appears to be higher than KCl values on thermodynamics, whereas KCl represents higher effectiveness upon kinetics. Finer inertant shows better inerting effectiveness.     

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂污泥培养驯化方案选择及实施

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂设计规模24×10^4m^3/d,采用改良A/A/O处理工艺。主要介绍了污泥培养驯化方案的制定,过程和经验,可为类似城市污水处理厂的调试和试运行提供借鉴。     

基桩倾斜后化工管道内介质的回收方案研究

某输送管道的一根基桩严重倾斜,导致基桩上排列的5根化工管道局部变形,带来了安全隐患.对化工管道变形的后果进行分析,采用不同的方法回收各管道内的输送介质.通过对液化石油气管道进行力学分析,计算最危险点的最大应力,并与管材的强度进行校核,为用水置换液化石油气的可行性提供理论依据.针对水置换过程中的危险因素,提出相应的安全对...     

化工园区建立OHSMS的研究与应用

在深入分析化工园区的风险特性与安全管理现状的基础上,探索新的化工园区安全管理模式;以系统的思想,探讨建立以化工园区为对象、各园区企业为相关方的职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS),对化工园区实施系统化管理.实践表明,通过推行OHSMS,可以实现化工园区科学化、系统化、规范化、文件化的职业健康安全管理,切实提高了园区整体的...     

基于微粒再悬浮的沉降微粒团的受力分析

以管流中柴油机排气沉降微粒为研究对象,通过建立的沉降微粒再悬浮的静态模型,从微粒再悬浮的角度对沉降微粒团所受到的黏附力矩、重力力矩、碰撞力矩以及曳力力矩进行了计算分析.得到了柴油机排气沉降微粒团所受力矩随微粒团直径的变化规律、各种力矩的取值范围以及在柴油机排气沉降微粒再悬浮中各种力矩的作用.沉降微粒的平衡主要受黏附力矩、碰撞力矩以及曳力力矩的影响. 当微粒团直径为0.1～0.8 μm时,黏附力矩作用显著并维持沉降微粒的稳定. 随着微粒团直径的增加,曳力力矩和碰撞力矩快速增大,而黏附力矩的增大速率则相对比较缓慢,打破沉降微粒平衡的作用显著.     

CF3H熄灭CH4/O2火焰过程中产生HF的数值研究

三氟甲烷(CF3H,HFC - 23)是一种优良的哈龙替代物,在目前的气体灭火介质市场占据显著的位置.然而,在三氟甲烷和火焰作用的过程中产生的HF不仅对火灾现场设备具有严重的腐蚀,而且对灭火现场人员具有严重的伤害.首先采用k-ε涡黏湍流模型,对CF3H熄灭CH4/O2的二维稳态湍流非预混燃烧进行数值分析,讨论杯式燃烧器中CF3H熄灭CH4/O2火焰过程中HF组分变化规律,通过改变初始参数分析CF3H浓度、CH4/O2配比对HF生成量的影响;采用CHEMKIN 4.0程序模拟CF3H熄灭CH4/O2火焰中温度、反应物、主产物和自由基浓度随火焰高度的变化关系.结果表明,火焰上方20～25cm的区域为HF富集区;H、CF:O为生成HF的重要中间产物,可以通过降低中间产物浓度降低 HF.     

南京近郊主要森林类型对土壤重金属的吸收与累积规律

研究了南京近郊针、阔叶树种杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)对重金属元素铬、铜、镍、铅、锌的吸收和累积规律.研究结果表明,5种重金属元素在2种林分的枯落物层含量均高于灌草层和乔木层各部位,但由于乔木层生物量较大,重金属元索在2种森林生态系统中主要储存在乔...     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定水中的毒死蜱含量

利用胶束电动毛细管色谱（MEKC）建立了测定水中毒死蜱含量的方法,研究了检测波长、运行缓冲液的种类、浓度以及pH、有机添加剂、脱氧胆酸钠（NaDCh）的浓度和分离电压等实验条件对毒死蜱测定的影响.实验结果表明,以25 mmol.L-1硼砂（pH 9.0,含20%（V/V）乙腈和50 mmol.L-1NaDCh）作为缓冲...