SF6组合电器典型缺陷模型电场仿真优化设计

SF₆组合电器设备逐年增多,以及部分设备运行年限较长,SF6组合电器设备发生故障也越来越多。组合电器局部放电故障极其复杂,缺陷的特性、电场分布情况无法被直观观察到,造成检测人员不能准确地分析放电缺陷。通过电场仿真分析悬浮电位放电、绝缘缺陷、电晕放电、自由颗粒缺陷4种典型缺陷,2种结构模型的电场分布情况,进一步阐释局部放电缺陷形成机理,有助于检测人员分析局部放电缺陷形成过程。     

低渗透石化污染场地多相抽提修复效率的数值模拟

借助TOUGH3/TMVOC软件对华北地区某典型污染场地进行模型概化,模拟再现了挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)在层状低渗透性介质中的运移和分布特征;同时,设置了不同情景的多相抽提方案,分析了渗透率对多相抽提技术(MPE)去除效率的影响.结果表明,VOCs在该介质中主要以非水相液体(NAPL)相形式存在,且NAPL相饱和度...     

Low-temperature caproate production,microbial diversity,and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

● Converting xylose to caproate under a low temperature of 20 °C by MCF was verified. ● Final concentration of caproate from xylose in a batch reactor reached 1.6 g/L. ● Changing the substrate to ethanol did not notably increase the caproate production. ● Four genera, including Bifidobacterium , were revealed as caproate producers. ● The FAB pathway and incomplete RBO pathway were revealed via metagenomic analysis. Mixed culture fermentation (MCF) is challenged by the unqualified activity of enriched bacteria and unwanted methane dissolution under low temperatures. In this work, caproate production from xylose was investigated by MCF at a low temperature (20 °C). The results showed that a 9 d long hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a continuously stirred tank reactor was necessary for caproate production (~0.3 g/L, equal to 0.6 g COD/L) from xylose (10 g/L). The caproate concentration in the batch mode was further increased to 1.6 g/L. However, changing the substrate to ethanol did not promote caproate production, resulting in ~1.0 g/L after 45 d of operation. Four genera, Bifidobacterium, Caproiciproducens, Actinomyces, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, were identified as the enriched caproate-producing bacteria. The enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway for caproate production were identified via metagenomic analysis. The enzymes for the conversion of (C_n+2)-2,3-Dehydroxyacyl-CoA to (C_n+2)-Acyl-CoA (i.e., EC 1.3.1.8 and EC 1.3.1.38) in the reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway were not identified. These results could extend the understanding of low-temperature caproate production.     

Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

● A new adsorption-membrane separation strategy is used for phosphate removal. ● PVC/Zr-BT shows a selective adsorption ability to low-concentration phosphate. ● Low concentration of P below 0.05 mg/L was achieved in actual wastewater treatment. ● Algal biomass production served as a demonstration of phosphorus recycling. Enhanced phosphorus treatment and recovery has been continuously pursued due to the stringent wastewater discharge regulations and a phosphate supply shortage. Here, a new adsorption-membrane separation strategy was developed for rational reutilization of phosphate from sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater using a Zr-modified-bentonite filled polyvinyl chloride membrane. The as-obtained polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane was highly permeability (940 L/(m²·h)), 1–2 times higher than those reported in other studies, and its adsorption capacity was high (20.6 mg/g) when the phosphate concentration in water was low (5 mg/L). It remained stable under various conditions, such as different pH, initial phosphate concentrations, and the presence of different ions after 24 h of adsorption in a cross-flow filtration system. The total phosphorus and phosphate removal rate reached 91.5% and 95.9%, respectively, after the membrane was used to treat sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater for 24 h and no other water quality parameters had been changed. After the purification process, the utilization of the membrane as a new source of phosphorus in the phosphorus-free f/2 medium experiments indicated the high cultivability of economic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 and 1.2 times more chlorophyll a was present than in f/2 medium. The biomass and lipid content of the microalgae in the two different media were similar. The innovative polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane used for phosphorus removal and recovery is an important instrument to establish the groundwork for both the treatment of low concentration phosphate from wastewater as well as the reuse of enriched phosphorus in required fields.     

江苏省宿迁市某监测井地下水砷超标原因研究

江苏宿迁市中部某远离工业企业的监测井地下水砷（As）指标连续多期次超《地下水质量标准》（GB/T 14848—2017）Ⅳ类标准限值。为探究该监测井地下水As长期超标原因,通过在监测井附近新钻取岩芯沉积物中不同形态As的提取实验,结合新井和监测井中地下水的同步取样与水质参数的测试,系统分析了监测井点位地下水As超标的原因。研究结果发现,离监测井5 m处的新井地下水As质量浓度不超标,而监测井中As仍超标。对比新井和监测井的水质参数与沉积物中As的赋存形态发现,在还原性和弱碱性的环境条件下,地下水类型及地层沉积物中碳酸盐结合态的变化可能对地下水As质量分数有明显的影响,而铁-锰氧化物结合态与有机物-硫化物结合态的变化对As质量分数超标影响则有限。此外,不排除可能受到成井工艺不规范与监测井受到串层污染的影响。     

干旱荒漠区人工绿洲土壤盐碱化风险综合评估与演变分析

为明晰干旱荒漠区人工绿洲水盐时空分异特征与盐碱化风险空间格局演变过程,以甘肃省景电灌区为研究区,以2002,2010及2018年为研究代表年,基于多级模糊理论从地质气候驱动、水土环境驱动和自然-人类驱动3个驱动过程构建土壤盐碱化风险评估体系,集成云发生器原理、黄金分割率法、组合赋权法以及排队理论构建土壤盐碱化空间风险综...     

京津冀地区大气主要污染物虚拟治理成本分摊研究

京津冀地区空气质量跨区域补偿机制欠缺,已成为制约该区域大气污染联防联控的短板.基于投入产出模型,核算了 2017年生产者负责原则与消费者负责原则下京津冀地区大气污染虚拟治理成本,分析了空气质量补偿主体及资金规模.结果发现,京津冀地区污染物排放具有较强的区域关联关系,说明治理大气污染不只要关注本地减排,还要加强不同地区间...     

三峡水库入库溪流中麦氏花翅蜉(蜉蝣目:四节蜉科)的生活史研究

开展水生昆虫生长过程研究对掌握研究区域水生生物的生物学特征和研究区域生态环境状况等均具有重要作用,可为构建和完善研究区域河流生态环境保护体系提供科学参考。于2017年逐月对香溪河库湾入库支流(螃蟹溪)中的一种水生昆虫——麦氏花翅蜉(Baetiella macani)的种群进行了研究,基于大小频率法、幼虫期有效积温条件进行了生活史性状分析和验证。结果显示:麦氏花翅蜉为三化性昆虫,包含一个冬季世代和两个夏季世代。冬季世代幼虫的发育历期为3~4个月,所需有效积温为1 286 ℃;夏季世代幼虫的发育历期为1~2个月,所需有效积温为757 ℃。研究结果丰富了中国地区水生昆虫的生活史性状信息,并首次呈现了花翅蜉属的生活史特征。     

“十四五”时期污染物总量控制的挑战、需求与应对研究

"十四五"时期是进一步巩固和提升环境质量改善成果、切实改善人民群众生存环境的关键时期。展望"十四五",应从发展的视角看总量控制与环境质量控制所面临的问题与困难,在考虑历史因素的基础上兼顾地区间的公平与效率,切实发挥环境管理对高质量发展的推动作用,迈向"环境质量导向的总量控制"。要落实改进总量控制和质量控制效果的新举措,进一步推动建立环境质量与总量控制的量化联动关系,推动城市—单元—行业的精细化总量控制管理,丰富总量控制要素,强化服务于总量控制的能力建设,建立总量控制目标下公平的环境责任划分制度。     

天津市滨海新区地震地质灾害评价与分区研究

收集了天津市滨海新区大量的工程地质勘察资料,针对滨海新区场地工程地质条件,从地震地质背景、历史震害的影响出发,依照相应规范和地质类比等方法,通过滨海新区活动断层影响、砂土液化、软土震陷的评判,探讨了滨海新区在未来强震作用下可能出现的地震地质灾害类型及空间分布特征。