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821.
运用Morris方法研究了蓝藻暴发期不同氮磷比条件下,巢湖富营养化模型中蓝藻、溶解有机碳、营养物和溶解氧的参数敏感性.结果表明:蓝藻的敏感参数随氮磷比不同有显著差异;氮缺乏情况下,蓝藻对氮转化过程相关参数较敏感;磷缺乏情况下则反之.在任何氮磷比条件下,溶解有机碳、营养物和溶解氧等非生物变量都是对直接参与其自身转化过程的参数最为敏感,它们在不同氮磷比情况下的敏感参数差异较小.相比较蓝藻生长过程的参数,基础代谢过程的参数对所有变量的影响都更强.此外,各个参数的敏感性与它们的相互作用强度呈显著正相关,且这种相关性在极端氮或磷缺乏情况下尤为显著.本研究的结果有助于深入理解湖泊富营养化现象、改善富营养化模型模拟效果和精度. 相似文献
822.
为研究城市污水管网多点汇流条件下污染物的迁变规律及其对微生物繁衍的影响机制,建立一套多汇流点位的污水管道中试系统,探究污水输送过程中碳,氮,硫3类主要污染物质的迁移转化特性.结果表明,汇流点前溶解态化学需氧量(SCOD)和硫酸盐(SO42-)浓度下降,氨氮(NH4+-N)浓度上升,支管汇流使得汇流点3类污染物浓度显著增加.后期水质达到稳定,在保证支管污水的汇入导致各类污染物增加量基本不变的情况下,SCOD浓度由进口的320mg/L左右下降至出口的280mg/L左右,在氨化作用下导致的NH4+-N总增加量在15mg/L左右,高于因汇流产生的增加总量12.5mg/L左右,结果表明汇流管网系统中微生物的消耗代谢作用是碳氮类污染物变化的主导因素,而SO42-后期进出口浓度均在20mg/L左右,说明支管汇流和生化代谢使SO42-的含量维持在动态平衡的状态.此外,对管网中试系统生物相中微生物繁衍过程进行分析可知,发酵菌(FB),产氢产乙酸菌(HPA),硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的含量随繁衍时间显著增加,并在沿程的不同汇流点处出现丰度升高现象.综上所述,在多点汇流导致污水水质波动的作用下,促进了管网生物相中微生物的繁衍增殖,并增强了其代谢作用在污水管网污染物转化的主导地位,使得污染物在管网输送过程中呈现更为显著的转化现象. 相似文献
823.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) disinfection usually does not produce halogenated disinfection by-products, but the formation of the inorganic by-product chlorite (ClO2–) is a serious consideration. In this study, the ClO2– formation rule in the ClO2 disinfection of drinking water was investigated in the presence of three representative reductive inorganics and four natural organic matters (NOMs), respectively. Fe2+ and S2– mainly reduced ClO2 to ClO2– at low concentrations. When ClO2 was consumed, the ClO2– would be further reduced by Fe2+ and S2–, leading to the decrease of ClO2–. The reaction efficiency of Mn2+ with ClO2 was lower than that of Fe2+ and S2–. It might be the case that MnO2 generated by the reaction between Mn2+ and ClO2 had adsorption and catalytic oxidation on Mn2+. However, Mn2+ would not reduce ClO2–. Among the four NOMs, humic acid and fulvic acid reacted with ClO2 actively, followed by bovine serum albumin, while sodium alginate had almost no reaction with ClO2. The maximum ClO2– yields of reductive inorganics (70%) was higher than that of NOM (around 60%). The lower the concentration of reductive substances, the more ClO2– could be produced by per unit concentration of reductive substances. The results of the actual water samples showed that both reductive inorganics and NOM played an important role in the formation of ClO2– in disinfection. 相似文献
824.
This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO2 pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO2/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China. 相似文献
825.
Junling Li Hong Li Xuezhong Wang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Hao Zhang Xin Zhang Kun Li Yan Chen Zhenhai Wu Fahe Chai Fan Meng Yujing Mu Abdelwahid Mellouki Fang Bi Yujie Zhang Lingyan Wu Yongchun Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):185-197
Understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary air pollution is very important for the formulation of air pollution control countermeasures in China. Thus, a large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber was constructed at Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (the CRAES Chamber), which was designed for simulating the atmospheric photochemical processes under the conditions close to the real atmospheric environment. The chamber consisted of a 56-m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor, an electrically-driven stainless steel alloy shield, an auxiliary system, and multiple detection instrumentations. By performing a series of characterization experiments, we obtained basic parameters of the CRAES chamber, such as the mixing ability, the background reactivity, and the wall loss rates of gaseous compounds (propene, NO, NO2, ozone) and aerosols (ammonium sulfate). Oxidation experiments were also performed to study the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), including α-pinene ozonolysis, propene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation. Temperature and seed effects on the vapor wall loss and SOA yields were obtained in this work: higher temperature and the presence of seed could reduce the vapor wall loss; SOA yield was found to depend inversely on temperature, and the presence of seed could increase SOA yield. The seed was suggested to be used in the chamber to reduce the interaction between the gas phase and chamber walls. The results above showed that the CRAES chamber was reliable and could meet the demands for investigating tropospheric chemistry. 相似文献
826.
通过研究高铁酸盐(Fe(VI))对丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)的去除效果和机理,阐明这种广泛使用的抗氧化剂在水处理中的转化归趋 .详细考察了溶液 p H 值、氧化剂量、BHA 初始浓度、常见阴阳离子、腐殖酸(HA)和实际水质对其去除效果的影响 .结果表明 Fe(VI)可高效去除水中BHA,升高 p H 值、增加氧化剂投加量及分批投加 Fe(VI),对 BHA 去除率更高 . 当 pH= 9.0 时,分别于 0 和 30 s 分两次投加 100 μmol·L-1的Fe(VI)可将 50 μmol·L-1BHA 在 60 s 内完全去除 . 体系中离子 Cl-、HSO3-、NO2-、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe3+和腐殖酸(HA)的存在则会抑制底物的降解,且Cl-、HSO3-和Ca2+的抑制效果... 相似文献
827.
优化施肥模式对我国热带地区水稻-豇豆轮作系统N2O和CH4排放的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择海南典型的水稻-豇豆轮作系统进行氧化亚氮(N_2O)和甲烷(CH_4)排放的原位监测,探究不同施肥模式下该系统土壤温室气体排放特征.试验设当地常规施肥对照(CON)、优化施肥量(OPT)、有机无机配施(ORG)、缓控肥替代优化(SCOPT)及不施氮对照(CK)共5个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法监测整个种植季土壤N_2O和CH_4排放,并估算增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明,各处理水稻季N_2O累积排放量为0. 19~1. 37 kg·hm~(-2),相较于CON处理,优化施肥处理N_2O减排50%~86%;豇豆季N_2O累积排放量为1. 29~3. 55 kg·hm~(-2),除ORG增加14%,其他处理减排16%~59%.各处理水稻季CH_4累积排放量为4. 67~14. 23 kg·hm~(-2),CK、OPT和ORG处理分别较CON增加116%、22%和102%,而SCOPT减少了29%;豇豆季CH_4累积排放量为0. 03~0. 26 kg·hm~(-2),期间出现CH_4吸收.比较两个作物季和休闲期对农田土壤直接排放的温室气体GWP的贡献率,豇豆季在CH_4排放极低的情况下,仍有44. 7%~54. 5%的占比;两种温室气体比较中,N_2O对GWP的贡献率为66. 7%~77. 2%. SCOPT处理的GWP和两季作物GHGI均显著低于CON处理.3个优化施肥处理中,SCOPT的增产减排效果最显著,为最优的施肥方案. 相似文献
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