青鱼ERRα的克隆、序列分析、组织表达及其对不同EDCs暴露的响应

内分泌干扰物质(EDCs)可以通过多种通道影响鱼类的生长、发育和繁殖, 而雌激素相关受体(ERR)是一类目前没有引起足够重视的潜在致毒信号通道. 本研究克隆了青鱼(Oryzias latipes)ERRα mRNA全序列, 并通过实时定量RT-PCR方法对其在不同组织中的表达和不同EDCs暴露下的响应进行了分析.发现青鱼ERRα与其它脊椎动物ERRα氨基酸序列有较高的同源性,特别是DNA结合结构域(DBD)在从鱼类到哺乳类动物的进化过程中高度保守, 配体结合结构域(LBD)序列与哺乳动物的LBD有66.4%～67.0%的序列相同. 青鱼ERRα与青鱼雌激素受体ERα、ERβ和雄激素受体ARα、ARβ的DBD氨基酸数相同, 且有较高序列相似性, 但LBD的长度和序列差异较大. 青鱼ERRα基因有5个外显子组成,位于第14号染色体. 青鱼ERRα基因在各组织中广泛表达,其中在性腺、脑、脾脏、眼和肠中表达较高,且在雌雄性腺中差异表达,表明其在雌雄性别分化和性腺发育中发挥调控作用. 暴露200 ng/L炔雌醇(EE2)、200 ng/L雌酮(E1)、200 ng/L己烯雌酚(DES)、 100 μg/L阿特拉津(AT)和200 ng/L雌二醇(E2)后, 青鱼精巢中ERRα mRNA水平分别显著下降至对照组的0.54、　0.56、　0.61、　0.63和0.65倍(p<0.05), 但暴露1 μg/L三丁基锡和1 μg/L三苯基锡后上升至对照组的1.34和1.35倍(p>0.05),表明ERRα可能参与外源EDCs影响鱼类性别分化和性腺发育的过程. 此外,在青鱼ERRα基因上游没有发现类似哺乳动物ERRα基因上游的类固醇激素反应元件半位点, 说明鱼类ERRα基因的调控模式与哺乳类存在差异.     

航天器内部充电评估软件的实现

在欧空局提供的FLUMIC模型的基础上,加入了地球同步轨道GOES卫星在2003--2009年大于2MeV的高能电子通量数据,验证改进了其在L=6．6Re处的理论公式;并利用FLUMIC模型在一般L值情形下的理论公式,设计编写了航天器内部充电评估软件。此软件能计算在一定的时间内,卫星在轨运行时可能遭受的粒子微分通量或积分通量值,以作为航天器高能辐射防护的设计依据。     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

人工快渗系统处理生活污水的试验研究

文章用自制的实验室快速渗滤系统模拟反应器对某校中水站的生活污水进行处理。研究结果表明,此套实验室模拟快渗处理生活污水系统对COD、TN、TP去除效果良好,壤土在三个周期对COD的去除率最大值为91.5%,TN为66.0%,TP为73.3%。由此试验得出最佳生活污水处理条件为壤土作为滤料,滤料高度为50cm,布水时间为2d淹水,4d落干。复合系统的处理效果优于单一介质的系统。     

活性污泥法处理甲苯废气吸收液的研究

以甲苯废气吸收液为研究对象,利用活性污泥法降解吸收液中的污染物,研究了吸收液与生活污水混合比,重点分析了反应体系降解中污染物COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的浓度变化。实验结果表明,当吸收液与生活污水体积比为5:95,曝气量5L/min,连续曝气4h的条件下,COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的去除率达到77.18%、94.59%、100%和89.47%,甲苯的好氧降解符合准一级动力学方程。     

沉箱结构体对水体原生动物种群的影响研究

针对天津外环河富营养化现状,采用微宇宙结构控制试验技术与正交试验分析方法,研究沉箱微宇宙控制因素对原生动物数量和种类的影响,共观测到各类原生动物9种,其中鞭毛纲3种,纤毛纲4种,肉足纲2种。夏季的优势种群为纤毛纲+肉足纲+鞭毛纲,而秋季的优势种群为鞭毛纲,原生动物种群的此类变化说明了这种结构控制体对夏秋季原生动物的影响有着显著的自然调控作用。结果表明最佳沉箱微宇宙结构体的控制条件是箱体为陶粒箱,基质为页岩,植物为金钱蒲+雨久花的结构组合;同时箱体材料、基质种类和植物配置在夏秋两季对原生动物数量的影响均为极显著。     

宁夏银北平原地下水中砷的分布特征及其富集因素

通过对宁夏银北平原地下水中砷的分布特征、来源及富集因素进行研究,结果表明:银北平原地下水砷异常地段的分布具有明显的地带性,从山前洪积倾斜平原前缘向冲湖积平原中心,地下水中砷含量递增,高砷地下水沿黄河河道自南向东北局部呈点状分布,总体上呈条带状展布,且东北部砷含量普遍高于西南部,主要富集在0～40 m深度的含水层中;引黄灌溉的黄河水与贺兰山区的煤系地层是平原内地下水中砷的主要来源;特殊的古地理环境特征、地下水径流条件、氧化还原环境及干旱半干旱的气候条件是地下水中砷富集的重要因素。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept into net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site (27%, 19/70) and from reference site (70%, 49/70). Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied in this e-wastes recycling site, the mean concentrations of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L (dissolved phase). BDE209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE209 (less than 0.01% of total PBDEs) and high concentration of BDE47 (up to 39.34% of total PBDEs) were detected in loaches.     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.