大气臭氧浓度增加对湿地松幼苗的影响

采用开顶式气室(open top chambers,OTCs)装置,研究O<,3>浓度增加(E-O<,3>约150 nL·L<'-1>)对湿地松幼苗的影响,包括伤害症状、植株生长、针叶光合色素含量、气体交换速率与叶绿素荧光、丙二醛(MDA)以及主要抗氧化剂含量变化.经过E-O<,3>处理一个生长季后(AOT40值为38...     

城市聚乙烯燃气管道漏气案例统计与原因分析

目的 分析影响聚乙烯燃气管道漏气的薄弱部位及原因,为建立聚乙烯燃气管道安全服役评价方法可行性分析提供实际数据支撑。方法 收集、归纳某城市聚乙烯燃气管道实际应用中的290例漏气案例,从失效薄弱部位、服役年限、月份等多方面进行统计分析,并讨论聚乙烯燃气管道发生漏气的主要原因。结果 PE燃气管道安全服役的钢塑转换、套袖、焊接位置等连接位置是聚乙烯燃气管道服役的薄弱部位,服役年限与漏气案例比例成正比,且各部位的敏感月份相差较大。影响管道服役的主要因素是环境/应力长期耦合作用和外力突发作用。结论 土壤环境中存在的有机酸介质会加速管道老化,特别是对于施工等带来的固有薄弱缺陷、外界因素带来的表面损伤、应力集中等,在土壤服役环境中化学介质、温度、运行压力的耦合作用下,管道性能大大下降,产生漏气事故,给安全运行带来极大威胁。     

火灾下爆炸冲击波在钢结构中的传播规律及破坏机理

为了研究爆炸冲击波对结构的影响,基于一维爆炸波轴向传播方程,结合流固耦合的方法,借助 ANSYS/ LS?DYNA 有限元软件建立三维单层单跨框架模型。考虑高温软化效应和应变率对屈服强度的影响,分析连接方式为固定端时爆炸波的传播,研究爆炸与火灾联合作用下爆炸波在钢结构构件中的传播规律及其破坏原因。研究结果表明：垂直爆炸波方向的竖向构件内力的分布具有弱传递性,沿爆炸波方向的杆件动力响应显著;700 ℃爆炸冲击波在杆端往复传播导致在钢结构杆件中传播速度明显比常温下慢,但截面轴向速度的峰值变大,约为 200 ℃的 3 倍,并且沿爆炸波方向杆件的轴向速度比垂直方向杆件的轴向速度大得多;常温下,垂直爆炸波的梁因受剪单元提前发生失效;高温下,构件损伤严重,垂直爆炸波方向的梁最先发生弯剪破坏,其次为柱剪切破坏,最后沿爆炸波方向的梁产生受压破坏。     

六氯苯和重金属复合污染沉积物的电动力学修复研究

以某化工厂排污沟渠中受六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene,HCB)、锌和镍复合污染的实际沉积物为对象,研究非离子表面活性剂OP-10对沉积物中污染物的增溶解吸效果和电动力学修复污染物的强化迁移效果。解吸实验结果表明:OP-10对HCB增溶解吸效果较好,对重金属离子的解吸有一定的促进作用。电动力学修复发现,随电渗析流进入沉积物中的OP-10很快的吸附在靠近阳极沉积物上,从而阻碍了助剂的输送并影响HCB的迁移,而靠近阴极区域沉积物中的有机质迁移会促进HCB的去除。沉积物pH变化引起的重金属沉淀是制约锌迁移的主要因素。镍的整体迁移效果不明显。     

氨法脱硫技术在烧结烟气治理领域应用研究

LS氨法烟气脱硫技术是一种在传统基础上进行改进的湿法烟气脱硫技术。以66 m2烧结机烟气治理方案为例,分析LS氨法烟气脱硫技术各项技术指标,同时对该方法脱硫技术特点、经济运行进行全面分析。通过论述得出结论,LS氨法烟气脱硫技术是一种适合于冶金行业烧结机烟气治理的一项湿法技术。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutantin Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process forwastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d totreat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage.Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS)was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4+-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in correspondinginfluent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet therequirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). Theremoval rates of COD, NH4+-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradationis indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network(BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4+-N was5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The resultsindicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4+-N, turbidity and LAS. Italso suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters insubmarine.     

Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept into net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site (27%, 19/70) and from reference site (70%, 49/70). Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied in this e-wastes recycling site, the mean concentrations of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L (dissolved phase). BDE209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE209 (less than 0.01% of total PBDEs) and high concentration of BDE47 (up to 39.34% of total PBDEs) were detected in loaches.     

引江济巢对巢湖的水环境影响分析

建立了巢湖一维水质模型DYRESM-CAEDYM,并利用2005年的实测水质、水文、气象等数据对模型进行了参数率定,确立了适用于巢湖水环境特征的水质模型参数. 应用该模型模拟了调水对巢湖TN,TP和Chl-a指标的影响,结果表明,年调水量为9.57×108 m3时可使巢湖的ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)下降约16%和19%,ρ(Chl-a)峰值从51.42 μg/L降至38.96 μg/L,ρ(Chl-a)超过30 μg/L的天数从26 d减少到16 d,对巢湖夏季蓝藻暴发具有一定的缓解作用. 对比分析了流域污染综合治理对巢湖水环境的改善效果,结果显示,如果各支流的入湖污染负荷能够削减5%,同时开展底泥清淤工作,可使巢湖的ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)得到较大程度的改善,与没有治理的情况相比分别降低约24.9%和33.3%,使巢湖夏季的ρ(Chl-a)峰值从51.42 μg/L降至32.72 μg/L,ρ(Chl-a)超过30 μg/L的天数从26 d减少到7 d.      

人工快渗系统处理生活污水的试验研究

文章用自制的实验室快速渗滤系统模拟反应器对某校中水站的生活污水进行处理。研究结果表明,此套实验室模拟快渗处理生活污水系统对COD、TN、TP去除效果良好,壤土在三个周期对COD的去除率最大值为91.5%,TN为66.0%,TP为73.3%。由此试验得出最佳生活污水处理条件为壤土作为滤料,滤料高度为50cm,布水时间为2d淹水,4d落干。复合系统的处理效果优于单一介质的系统。