影响安全生产状况的经济社会发展指标及灰色关联度分析

为研究我国经济社会发展指标与安全生产状况之间的关系,首先对新中国建立以来安全生产状况的规律性作了分析研究。然后选取了与安全生产密切相关的7个经济社会发展指标,应用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法计算分析了各指标对安全生产状况的影响程度,得出该时期农业产值占GDP的比重对安全生产状况的影响最大,第三产业的影响其次,科技和教育经费的投入指标对安全生产状况的影响度较小的结论,并深入分析探讨了其内在原因。提出了我国在工业化进程中如何解决安全生产问题的意见和建议。     

矿井通风网络解算可视化软件研究

采用面向对象编程语言Visual Basic6.0为开发工具,以Access为后台数据库,开发了具有风机优选功能的矿井通风网络解算软件。该软件承袭了Windows系统应用程序界面直观、交互性好的特点,集矿井通风网络解算、自然风压计算、风机自动选型以及经济断面优化等功能于一体,并辅以强大的数据管理系统,为矿山通风设计和管理工作提供了便利工具。     

Comparison of different liquid anaerobic digestion effluents as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover

Effluents from three liquid anaerobic digesters, fed with municipal sewage sludge, food waste, or dairy waste, were evaluated as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover in mesophilic reactors. Three feedstock-to-effluent (F/E) ratios (i.e., 2, 4, and 6) were tested for each effluent. At an F/E ratio of 2, the reactor inoculated by dairy waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 238.5 L/kgVS_feed, while at an F/E ratio of 4, the reactor inoculated by food waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 199.6 L/kgVS_feed. The microbial population and chemical composition of the three effluents were substantially different. Food waste effluent had the largest population of acetoclastic methanogens, while dairy waste effluent had the largest populations of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Dairy waste also had the highest C/N ratio of 8.5 and the highest alkalinity of 19.3 g CaCO₃/kg. The performance of solid-state batch anaerobic digestion reactors was closely related to the microbial status in the liquid anaerobic digestion effluents.     

碱式硫酸铝溶液中SO42-的测定

建立了以铬黑T为指示剂,乙二胺四乙酸二钠反滴定过量BaCl₂的碱式硫酸铝溶液中SO₄^2-的测定方法。实验确定的操作条件为：待测试样稀释后ρ（SO_4^2-）为0.025 ~0.100 g/L,BaCl₂过量率为25%~100%,并且在加入BaCl₂前将试样煮沸,三乙醇胺加入量为0.10 L/L。该法回收率在98.90%~100.72%,相对标准偏差小于1%。测定方法准确,可靠,且操作简便、快速。     

锐钛矿-金红石混合晶型TiO2降解气相苯

用溶胶-凝胶法并通过控制煅烧温度合成不同晶相比的混合晶型纳米TiO_2,在紫外光光照下降解气相苯。考察了苯初始质量浓度、紫外灯光照强度和催化剂加入量对苯去除率的影响;探究了光催化降解气相苯的动力学特征。结果表明:450℃煅烧制备的催化剂降解苯效率最高,此催化剂金红石相质量分数为6.30%;在苯初始质量浓度为74.39 mg/m~3、催化剂加入量为7 g、光照强度为2.18 klux的最佳条件下反应84 min,苯去除率达99.73%;光催化降解率与光照强度之间符合0.5级动力学特征;当催化剂加入量为3 g时,单位时间单位质量催化剂降解苯的质量最多;苯的光催化降解反应均符合一级动力学方程。     

快速判别排除机械设备的静电与漏电

根据一起电路事故,分析了静电与漏电的特性,提出了判别与排除设备静电与漏电的方法。     

大型公用建筑火灾中人员疏散的模拟计算分析

根据火灾发展和人员行动的时间线,对建筑火灾中人员疏散的要求进行了分析,结合某礼堂的结构特点,讨论了火灾释热速率和危险临界条件的设定方法。并按模拟计算结果,对其可能火灾中影响人员疏散的因素给出半定量评价。     

赤泥制备含钛聚硅酸铝铁及亚甲基蓝溶液的混凝脱色

以拜耳法赤泥为原料、Na Cl为助溶剂,采用酸浸法溶出赤泥中的铁、铝元素,再与硅酸钠、硫酸氧钛反应制备出高效混凝剂含钛聚硅酸铝铁(T-PSAF),并将其用于模拟亚甲基蓝印染废水的脱色。实验结果表明:在硫酸浓度为8 mol/L、液固比(硫酸体积与干赤泥质量之比)为14 m L/g、酸浸温度为80℃、酸浸时间为80 min、Na Cl加入量为0.10 g/g(以干赤泥计)的优化酸浸条件下,铁、铝的浸出率分别为88.25%和73.21%;在n(Fe+Al)∶n(Ti)∶n(Si)=0.3∶0.3∶1、熟化p H为4~5、熟化时间为2 h、混凝剂加入量为25 m L/L的优化混凝条件下,初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度为10 mg/L的废水的脱色率可达87.1%,而当初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度增至150~200 mg/L时废水脱色率可达99%以上。     

氯酸钠氧化盐酸酸洗废液制备聚氯化铁

钢材在深加工过程中通常使用盐酸对其表面进行酸洗除锈,从而产生大量废液。为了实现盐酸酸洗废液的资源化处理,以氯酸钠作为氧化剂制备聚氯化铁,考察了氧化剂加入量、浓盐酸加入量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对Fe²⁺转化率的影响。实验得到的最佳工艺条件为：每处理100 mL废液需加入7.0 g氯酸钠、12 mL浓盐酸（12 mol/L）、0.3 g磷酸二氢钾,反应温度30 ℃,反应时间30 min,搅拌转速5 r/s。该条件下,Fe²⁺转化率可达98.51%,得到的聚氯化铁产品符合《水处理剂 聚氯化铁》（HG/T 4672—2014）标准。     

Simulated single-bicycle crashes in the VTI crash safety laboratory

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of bicycle design and speed on the head impact when suffering from a single-bicycle crash, and the possibility to study this using crash tests.

Methods: Simulations of single-bicycle crashes were performed in the VTI crash safety laboratory. Two bicycle crash scenarios were simulated: “a sudden stop” and “sideways dislocation of the front wheel”; using four different bicycle types: a “lady’s bicycle”, a commuter bicycle, a recumbent bicycle and a pedelec; at two speeds: 15 and 25?km/h. In addition, sideway falls were performed with the bicycles standing still. All tests were done with a Hybrid II 50^th percentile crash test dummy placed in the saddle of the bicycles, with acceleration measurements in the head.

Results: The crash tests showed that a sudden stop, e.g. a stick or bag in the front wheel, will result in a falling motion over the handle bars causing a forceful head impact while a sideways dislocation of the front wheel will result in a falling motion to the side causing a more moderate head impact. The falling motion varies between the different bicycle types depending on crash test scenario and speed. The pedelec had a clearly different falling motion from the other bicycle types, especially at a sudden stop.

Conclusions: The study implies that it is possible to examine single-bicycle crashes using crash tests, even though the setup is sensitive to minor input differences and the random variation in the resulting head impact values can be large. Sideway falls with the bicycles standing still were easier to perform with a good repeatability and indicated an influence of seating height on the head impact.