Human influence over 150 years of coastal evolution in the Volturno delta system (southern Italy)

This paper focused on the past shoreline change rates along the coastal plain of the Volturno River, in southern Italy, western Mediterranean. A wide database comprising historical maps, aerial photographs, topographic sheets, bathymetric data was used to extract the spatial and temporal information of the coastlines at seven time points. Coastline displacement was calculated for two successive time points and relative surface variation (accretion and erosion) was estimated as well as minimum and maximum accretion/erosion linear values and rates. The surface variation analysis has revealed that the studied coast can be considered homogeneous since the 1970s, whereas it exhibits a variety of shoreline evolutionary trends after that time period. Timing and causes of trends and rates of variation were detected. Based on the estimated shoreline change rates, an appropriate morhodynamic one-line model was applied to predict evolutionary scenarios also in presence of port and defence works. The results obtained strongly emphasize that a successful coastal management requires a constant monitoring of the human-induced changes to account for the variability of rates over time.     

火前锋附壁的模拟实验研究

设计了可变坡度燃烧实验台,利用气体燃烧器模拟沟槽地形火蔓延中的火前锋。以丙烷为燃料,主要开展了不同坡度和高宽比(挡板高度与燃烧器宽度之比)条件下的气体燃烧实验。结果表明,坡度是影响火焰附壁的关键因素,挡板的存在限制了侧向卷吸从而加快火焰倾斜甚至附着。上坡火前锋存在一个发生火焰部分附着的临界坡度,该临界坡度不随挡板高宽比的变化而改变,该文的临界坡度为10°~15°。随坡度继续升高,高于另一临界坡度时,火焰完全附着在实验台面上,形成薄片状结构,发生火焰完全附着。附着火焰表现出明显的脉动性,随坡度的增大而增强,挡板的存在明显加剧了火焰脉动,而高宽比的变化对火焰脉动特性无显著影响。     

Structured photocatalytic systems: photocatalytic coatings on low-cost structures for treatment of water contaminated with micropollutants—a short review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The persistence of many micropollutants in water and wastewater is of great concern to the contemporary scientific community. Several types of...     

Analysis of the spatial distribution of collectors in dust scrubber based on image processing

The spatial distribution of the collectors in dust scrubber is key in determining the effectiveness of the dust removal process. In the present study, a high-speed camera was used to capture images of the distribution of the collectors. Some of the image information was extracted by image processing, such as the gray mean (GM), the angular second moment (ASM), and the entropy (ENT) from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of the image. Subsequently, the spatial distribution rules of the collectors were studied by analyzing the spatial proportion, dispersion area, and uniformity and intensiveness of the collectors. It is an intuitive approach and a novel analysis method for the operating state of dust scrubber. The results show that the spatial distribution of the collectors could be better reflected by image processing methods. The dispersion area of the collectors expanded with an increase in the airflow velocity. When the initial liquid level (ILL) was higher, the collectors expanded in an approximate circular shape, and when the ILL was lower the collectors expanded in an approximate sector shape. In general, the variation trend in the spatial proportion enhanced with an increase in ILL and airflow velocity, which is consistent with the uniformity of collectors. When the liquid level was 0?20 mm and the airflow velocity was greater than 6.5 m/sec, the spatial proportion and uniformity of the collectors reached the highest degree. However, the growth rate of the spatial proportion and uniformity of the collectors slowed down and even led to negative growth when the ILL was lower and the airflow velocity was higher. The intensiveness of the collectors was great when the ILL was higher, which was free from the apparent influence of the airflow velocity and the ILL. However, when the ILL was lower, the intensiveness of the collectors was poor, intensifying as the airflow velocity and ILL increased. When the liquid level was ?5?10 mm and the airflow velocity was greater than 8 m/sec, the intensiveness of the collectors reached the highest degree, indicating that a liquid level greater than 0 mm and a higher airflow velocity improved the spatial distribution of the collectors.

Implications: This paper focuses on the spatial distribution of the collectors in dust scrubber. Some of the image information was extracted by image processing, such as the gray mean of the image, the angular second moment, and the entropy from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of the image. The spatial distribution rules of the collectors were studied by analyzing the spatial proportion, the dispersion area, and the uniformity and intensiveness of the collectors.     

SEJF多功能水处理器及其在印染废水处理中的应用

SEJF多功能水处理器是将物化处理与生化处理有机结合在一起的水处理设备,可在一器内完成均质、曝气、混合、反应和固液分离数种功能.采用SEJF多功能水处理器工艺对印染废水进行处理,工程实践表明,该水处理器工艺具有高效、节能、节地、节资等优点,而且处理效果稳定,运行费用低,操作管理方便,灵活性和适应性强.     

城市生态系统服务功能价值评估方法初探

比较了城市生态系统服务功能和自然生态系统服务功能类型,总结了两种生态系统服务功能价值的评估方法。在此基础上,认为应将城市生态系统特质性、人的需求性、受体地域性等作为修正城市生态系统服务功能价值评估方法的依据,并提出了通过实地测量、专家评价、问卷调查等方法来实现修正的初步设想。     

水生态监测方法研究进展及在黄河流域的应用实践

水生态监测能够为水生态环境监督、管理和保护提供重要的数据和技术支撑。加强黄河水生态监测,维护流域水生态系统健康,对促进黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。从常规水质监测、生境监测和生物监测3个方面,分析了中国水生态监测方法的研究进展及在黄河流域的应用实践。结合黄河流域水生态监测尤其是生物监测相对滞后的现状,探讨了流域水生态监测的发展方向。建议加快黄河流域水生态监测能力建设,建立适用于黄河流域的水生态监测与评价标准体系,探索新兴监测技术与传统技术的有机结合。     

风筒出口位置对掘进工作面瓦斯分布的影响

根据计算流体动力学(CFD)理论,运用Fluent软件对掘进工作面的风流流场及瓦斯分布进行数值模拟,研究了在断面形状为梯形的掘进巷道中,瓦斯从掘进迎头和巷道两帮均匀涌出时,风筒出口离掘进迎头的距离对掘进巷道中风流流场和瓦斯分布的影响.结果表明: 压入式局部通风掘进巷道工作面风流从风筒出口流出后,沿风流方向瓦斯浓度逐渐增大,在靠近迎头处巷道两帮底部和顶部瓦斯浓度较高;随着瓦斯涌出量的增加,由于高浓度瓦斯密度降低而产生的上浮力的作用,在靠近迎头的上部区域发生瓦斯沿顶板逆风流方向流动的现象;上浮力的作用会改变流场的分布状况,在靠近迎头处产生涡流;风筒出口离掘进迎头越近,风流到达迎头时携带的瓦斯量越少,且迎头处的风速越大,靠近迎头区域中的瓦斯浓度越低.     

焦化废水深度处理试验研究

采用BC法＋复合过滤技术工艺对焦化废水生化出水进行深度处理试验。结果表明,在SE混凝剂投药量为30 mg/L、BC池停留时间为1.5 h、复合过滤器水力负荷为2.4 m³/（m²·h）的条件下,当深度处理进水水质为COD＝196.1 mg/L、色度＝120倍、NH₃-N＝35.1 mg/L时,其去除率分别为74.7%、86.7%和69.7%,出水可达回用水要求。     

Comparison of the effect of biodiesel-diesel and ethanol-diesel on the gaseous emission of a direct-injection diesel engine

Experiments were conducted on a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine using ultralow sulfur diesel blended with biodiesel and ethanol to investigate the gaseous emissions of the engine under five engine loads at the maximum torque engine speed of 1800 rev min^?1. Four biodiesel blended fuels and four ethanol blended fuels with oxygen concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% were used. With the increase of oxygen content in the blended fuels, the brake thermal efficiency improves slightly.For the diesel-biodiesel fuels, the brake specific HC and CO emissions decrease while the brake specific NO_x and NO₂ emissions increase. The emissions of formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, toluene, xylene and overall BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) in general decrease, however, acetaldehyde and benzene emissions increase. For the diesel-ethanol fuels, the brake specific HC and CO emissions increase significantly at low engine load, NO_x emission decreases at low engine load but increases at high engine load. The emissions of benzene and BTX vary with engine load and ethanol content. Similar to the biodiesel-diesel fuels, the formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, toluene and xylene emissions decrease while the acetaldehyde and NO₂ emissions increase. Despite having the same oxygen contents in the blended fuels, there are significant differences in the gaseous emissions between the biodiesel-diesel blends and the ethanol-diesel blends.