国土空间规划中水生态空间及保护线的多维识别技术与应用

水资源短缺制约了很多城市的发展,而水资源的可持续利用潜力与承载能力与水生态空间密切相关。综合考虑水生态空间的系统性和完整性,以济南市为例界定了水生态系统的功能属性,明晰了水生态空间和水生态保护线的基本概念,利用GIS空间分析技术,并协同多种涉水规划,集成水生态系统的复杂功能,提出了水生态空间和水生态保护线划定技术方法,对于城市水生态系统保护及优化国土空间格局具有重要支撑作用。研究结果表明：济南市水生态保护线面积为1992.2 km²,水生态保护线面积仅占水生态空间的60.2%,两者的保护范围有明显差异。从不同维度表征了济南市水生态系统保护空间的分布特点,其中,陆域空间是保障水生态系统服务功能的重要组成部分,滨水岸线是水生态系统最脆弱的区域,水文化空间还有很大潜力有待挖掘,济南市在保障水安全和改善水环境等保护目标上面临较大压力。     

草海湖滨带沉积物微生物群落对磷形态的影响

为探究高原湖泊湖滨带沉积物中微生物群落对磷赋存形态的影响,以草海湖滨带沉积物为研究对象,分析了磷素赋存形态;通过高通量测序技术分析了细菌和古菌的群落组成.结果表明,草海湖滨带表层沉积物的总磷含量范围在662.89~881.26mg/kg之间,平均值为750.36mg/kg;各磷形态中NaOH-NRP＞Res-P＞BD-P＞HCl-P＞NaOH-SRP＞NH₄Cl-P.细菌群落由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)等59个门和硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、厌氧粘细菌属(Anaeromyxobacter)等1259个属组成;古菌群落由泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)等8个门和甲烷丝菌属(Methanosaeta)等67个属组成.冗余分析、主成分分析和共现性网络分析表明,微生物群落能驱动草海沉积物中磷的形态转化,细菌主要通过影响铁的氧化/还原和碱性磷酸酶的活性;古菌则通过改变有机质和酸性磷酸酶活性来调控沉积物磷形态.     

Effects of co-exposure to lead and manganese on learning and memory deficits

Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are common neurotoxins. However, individuals are subject to co-exposures in real life, and it is therefore important to study these metals in combination. Weaning Sprague-Dawley rats were given ad libitum access to drinking water solutions containing Pb (100 mg/L), Mn (2.5 mg/mL) or a mixture, and each treatment had its own minocycline (50 mg/(kg•day)) supplement group. The results showed a significant difference in spatial memory and induction levels of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in all exposure groups when compared with controls. The combined-exposure group exhibited the most pronounced effect when compared with each of the single-metal exposure groups. Microglia displayed activation at day 3 after exposure alone or in combination, while astrocytes showed activation at day 5, accompanied by decreased expression levels of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS. Furthermore, the levels of glutamate in the synaptic cleft increased significantly. When microglial activation was inhibited by minocycline, the activation of astrocytes and the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS were both reversed. In addition, upon minocycline treatment, hippocampal LTP impairment and cognitive injury were significantly alleviated in each of the exposure groups. These results suggest that combined exposure to Pb and Mn can cause greater effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity when compared to single-metal exposure groups. The reason may involve abnormal activation of microglia leading to excessive regulation of astrocytes, resulting in glutamate reuptake dysfunction in astrocytes and leading to perturbed cognition and synaptic plasticity.     

海洋渔业脆弱性研究评述与展望

海洋渔业脆弱性是海洋渔业可持续发展研究的重要内容。本文从海洋渔业脆弱性的概念与内涵、研究分类与分析框架、评价方法与测度指数、驱动因素与应对措施4个方面对海洋渔业脆弱性研究进行了系统梳理。结果表明:（1）海洋渔业脆弱性概念虽未统一,但关于概念内涵的理解已经达成了一些共识;（2）海洋渔业脆弱性评价方法单一,评价体系有待完善;（3）海洋渔业脆弱性驱动因素与机制研究不足。未来宜重点完善海洋渔业脆弱性概念,构建系统全面的评价体系,加强海洋渔业脆弱性多尺度研究,深化海洋渔业脆弱性的驱动因素与机制研究等,为解决海洋渔业发展问题提供科学支撑。     

Mercury release behaviors of Guizhou bituminous coal during co-pyrolysis: Influence of chlorella

Co-pyrolysis of coal and seaweed can not only effectively decrease the carbon footprint but also improve the quality and output of coal pyrolysis products, however, the influence of seaweed on thermal releasing behaviors of mercury during co-pyrolysis process are still unclear. In this work, the chlorella and Guizhou bituminous coal were mixed and used to reveal the mercury release behavior during co-pyrolysis by the temperature programmed pyrolysis experiments, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) methods, offering a sufficient explanation on the control technology of mercury pollutants in co-pyrolysis. The results exhibited that a large amount of reducing gases such as CO, H₂ and H₂O were generated in chlorella at the temperature range of 100-500°C, which was favorable for the transformation from oxidized mercury to elemental mercury, thus remarkably increased the release of elemental mercury in the raw coal sample. The mixed chlorella also significantly lowered the decomposition temperature range (from 400-600 to 300-400°C) of pyrite-bound mercury and decreased the decomposition temperatures of the pyrite-bound mercury species. Additionally, in the co-pyrolysis about 91.82% of mercury was released into the gas phase below 400°C and was 13.77% higher than that of in individual pyrolysis of coal.     

Assessment of Surface Disinfection Effectiveness of Decontamination System COUNTERFOG® SDR-F05A+ Against Bacteriophage ɸ29

Food and Environmental Virology - The experience of COVID19 pandemic has demonstrated the real concern of biological agents dispersed in the air and surfaces environments. Therefore, the need of a...     

有机生活垃圾多组分联合厌氧降解产甲烷性能研究

为了阐明生活垃圾多组分的混合对其厌氧降解产气性能的影响,通过在中温（37±1）℃下对餐厨类、纸类和园林类垃圾组分进行单独和联合厌氧降解产甲烷实验,研究接种物来源对单组分和多组分物料厌氧降解产甲烷性能的影响,应用修正的Gompertz模型拟合和分析物料产甲烷过程动力学特征,并借鉴和发展评价混合物料联合厌氧降解性能的量化指标方法.试验与模型拟合结果均表明：接种物来源对各组分及其组合的厌氧生物可降解程度无显著影响,但对其降解速率存在明显影响.此外,尽管物料的混合对试验初期物料降解产甲烷速率存在促进作用,但仅有3组分混合试验组在最终累计甲烷产率方面表现出显著的协同促进,在2种接种物条件下,相比于3组分单独降解的甲烷产率分别增长了16%和14%.     

双ZBS2型酒杯塔输电线路雷电绕击特性研究

通过建立缩小比例为25:1的双ZBS2型酒杯塔输电线路模型,对其进行长间隙放电,研究了塔头、避雷线保护角、地面倾斜度等因素对雷击绕击率的影响。结果表明:杆塔对雷电先导具有吸引作用,雷击杆塔附近时,线路绕击率较低,从杆塔到档距中央,绕击率呈现一种先增大后减小的趋势;随着避雷线保护角由正到负变化,绕击概率随之降低;线路绕击概率随地面倾斜角增大,而呈现先增大后减小的趋势。本研究结果可指导企业输配电线路的雷电防护工作,为线路绕击防护装置的研发提供数据支持。     

海南地区新型雷电预警系统预警效率的评估与分析

基于2017年5-8月全国雷电监测定位系统ADTD探测到的闪电定位数据,根据标准IEC-62793中对雷电预警系统预警效率评估的定义,对海南地区部分雷电预警站点的预警效率进行了统计分析。海南地区新型雷电预警系统的平均有效预警率(MPOD)约为85%,高于大部分雷电预警系统的有效预警率;对闪电事件的预警率平均可达到95%,表明可以对发生在预警站点有效覆盖范围内95>的闪电提供有效预警;平均错误预警率(MFAR)约为73%,与各类预警系统相比,错误预警率偏高;预警提前期的平均值和中值分别为13.9min和9.6min。     

Pd基双金属催化剂对2,4-D的液相催化加氢脱氯

以CeO₂为载体,采用浸渍法分别合成了负载型Pd基催化剂（Pd/CeO₂,Pd-Fe/CeO₂,Pd-Co/CeO₂和Pd-Cu/CeO₂）,并用于水中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的催化加氢脱氯.使用等离子体发射光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱仪和CO化学吸附对材料进行表征.结果表明,CeO₂作为载体可有效分散金属颗粒,双金属间的协同作用改善了其催化性能.其中Pd-Fe双金属催化剂具有相对优异的催化效果,随着Fe负载量的增加,Pd-Fe/CeO₂的催化活性先升后降.2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的催化脱氯以同步脱氯和逐步脱氯2种方式同时进行.