净水厂中自动加氯系统探讨

文章主要介绍了净水厂自动加氯系统的结构、特点和影响因素.控制系统以原水流量为前馈和出厂水余氯浓度作为反馈信号,采用PID算法控制加氯量.系统应用于南方某水厂,取得了良好的效果.不仅提高了供水水质的安全性,而且还取得了较好的经济效益.     

Phthalate esters (PAEs): emerging organic contaminants in agricultural soils in peri-urban areas around Guangzhou, China

This study reports the first data on the concentrations and distribution of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the agricultural soils from the peri-urban areas of Guangzhou city. Σ₁₆PAEs concentrations ranged from 0.195 to 33.6 μg g⁻¹-dry weight (dw). Elevated levels of PAEs were recorded in the vegetable fields located next to the urban districts, and a decreasing trend exists following the distance away from the urban center. Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAEs in the agricultural soils. Significant relationship (correlation coefficient R² = 0.85, p < 0.01, n = 40) was present between the accumulation of PAEs and total organic carbons in agricultural soils. In addition, both pH and texture of soils are found to be important factors affecting the level of PAEs. This study shows that the agricultural soils in the peri-urban area of Guangzhou city were moderately polluted by PAEs.     

土壤及土壤-植物系统中复合污染的研究进展

土壤复合污染是土壤污染的主要存在形式 ,在分析中 ,主要从土壤重金属复合污染和土壤重金属 有机污染物复合污染方面进行了较为全面的综述 ,评价了土壤复合污染的多种表征方法 ,并且讨论了该研究当前仍存在的一些问题     

多元线性回归pH滴定同时测定垃圾渗滤液中重金属浓度

垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度重金属离子严重抑止了废水生化处理过程中微生物的生长与代谢。通过建立多元线性回归模型,结合pH络合滴定方法,实现了同时测定垃圾渗滤液中络合稳定常数极为接近的多种重金属离子浓度。该方法操作简便,准确可靠,适用于大批量相同组成试样的分析。     

离子色谱法测定土壤中草甘膦的提取溶液选择

以辽宁棕壤等10种土壤为样品,探讨了水和pH值=9.00～14.00的氢氧化钠(NaOH)作为提取液对草甘膦分析的影响.结果表明,以水为提取液,仅石灰性紫色土和灰钙土能获得较高的回收率,其他所测土壤尤其是pH值<8.00的土壤其回收率较低,提取效果受土壤理化性质影响明显.以pH值=9.00～14.00的NaOH为提取液...     

Characteristics of volatile compounds removal in biogas slurry of pig manure by ozone oxidation and organic solvents extraction

Biogas slurry is not suitable for liquid fertilizer due to its high amounts of volatile materials being of complicated composition and peculiar smell. In order to remove volatiles from biogas slurry efficiently, the dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to clear the composition of volatiles. Nitrogen stripping and superfluous ozone were also used to remove volatiles from biogas slurry. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of volatile compounds in the biogas slurry, including sulfur compounds, organic amines, benzene, halogen generation of hydrocarbons and alkanes, some of which had strong peculiar smell. The volatile compounds in biogas slurry can be removed with the rate of 53.0% by nitrogen stripping and with rate of 81.7% by the oxidization and stripping of the superfluous ozone. On this basis, the removal rate of the volatile compounds reached 99.2% by chloroform and n-hexane extraction, and almost all of odor was eliminated. The contents of some dissolved organic compounds decreased obviously and however main plant nutrients had no significant change in the biogas slurry after being treated.     

热水解污泥厌氧消化过程中肠球菌抗生素抗性基因与毒力基因的转归

城市污泥中含有大量肠球菌,可携带抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)和毒力基因(virulence gene,VGs),从而具有潜在的耐药性和致病性,对人类健康存在巨大威胁.为此考察了热水解污泥在中温(40℃)/高温(55℃)厌氧消化过程中肠球菌的耐药表型、基因型及携带VGs的变化规律.结果表明,厌氧进泥中肠球菌对阿奇霉素的耐药率均显著高于螺旋霉素和四环素.高温厌氧对肠球菌的数量及耐药性具有更好地控制及削减效果.高温厌氧消化可能会促进四环素类抗性基因在肠球菌的表达.中温、高温厌氧消化可促进ARGs在肠球菌中发生水平转移,导致其潜在双重甚至多重耐药性增加.中温厌氧消化可降低肠球菌同时具有潜在致病性和耐药性的几率,而高温厌氧消化则会增加此风险.     

卫星遥感反演京津冀地区2011-2017年氮氧化物污染变化

基于POMINO AMFv6反演构架和高分辨率WRF-CMAQ模拟资料重构DOMINO v2大气质量因子,开发了京津冀地区高精度NO₂对流层垂直柱浓度卫星数据,并结合反演模型分析了研究区域2011-2017年NO₂柱浓度及重点城市NO_x排放强度的时空演变.2011-2017年间,京津冀地区NO₂柱浓度在北京-天津-唐山及石家庄-邢台-邯郸形成两个核心污染高值区,保定、廊坊、秦皇岛、沧州和衡水分布于东南部的污染背景中,构成污染次高值区,而位于西北部的张家口和北部的承德相对较为清洁,仅在对应的市辖区出现局地污染峰值.京津冀地区柱浓度平均水平在2011-2017年间下降了27.2%.2011-2013年间北京、天津、唐山和石家庄市的NO_x平均排放强度分别为108.3、139.5、241.4和178.6 mol·s^-1,而2015-2017年间下降至98.0、108.2、197.6和85.8 mol·s^-1.基于卫星遥感手段的综合分析表明,2011-2017年期间京津冀地区NO_x污染状况得到明显改善,但各个城市的改善程度存在差异,其中北京、唐山NO₂柱浓度降幅明显低于污染核心高值区的其他城市,在下一阶段制订治理方案时应重点考虑.     

城市污水污泥超声波预处理的研究

文章通过分析污泥耗氧率(SOUR)和破解率(DDCOD)的变化,研究了浓度为9.5g/L的生活污泥在频率为28kHz的超声波下,不同超声波声能密度和超声时间作用对污泥预处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,在适当的声能密度和超声时间下,超声波预处理可以明显提高污泥破解率,同时提高污泥的生物活性,试验结果为超声波预处理与污泥处理工艺联用以提高污泥减量化效率提供了依据。     

基于灰色聚类法和模糊综合法的水质评价

根据2008年9月从昆承湖布设的12个监测点采集的样本中水质指标(叶绿素a、总磷、总氮和高锰酸盐指数)的浓度值,采用了灰色聚类法及模糊综合评价法对样本水质进行富营养化评价.灰色聚类法先建立白化权函数并无量纲化灰类来消除各水质指标浓度值量级差异的影响,然后根据水质指标浓度阈值的大小赋以其权值,综合水质指标对各级富营养状态...