GC-MS用于分析印染废水处理中有机污染物的降解及迁移的研究

为分析和比较印染废水处理中"物化+生化"和"生化+物化"2种耦合工艺的优缺点,应用气相色谱-有机质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了2种耦合工艺在印染废水处理中有机物的降解过程,并对物化污泥和排放水体中的有机污染物进行了检测.结果表明,"物化+生化"工艺对有机物的降解效果不如"生化+物化",后者对各类污染物的平均去除率比前者高6.2%,主要差别体现在厌氧水解工艺的作用效率上.此外,"物化+生化"工艺导致印染废水中典型有机污染物向物化污泥以及排放水体中迁移,容易引起二次污染.     

人工湿地植物炭基材料特性及铁碳微电解填料制备

以人工湿地中典型植物为原料制备了不同条件下的炭基材料,并对其产率和结构特性进行了分析;同时考察了铁碳质量比、膨润土配比和焙烧温度对铁碳微电解填料除磷和化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)性能的影响,优化了植物基铁碳微电解填料的最佳配比和制备条件.结果表明:炭基材料主要由C、H、O和N四种元...     

斑马鱼及其胚胎在毒理学中的实验研究与应用进展

作为一种模式生物,斑马鱼具有很多其他模式生物所不具备的优点,已被广泛应用于生物学各领域,具有十分广阔的发展前景.论文首先介绍了斑马鱼的基因组学,包括正向遗传学、反向遗传学以及斑马鱼在药物研发和人类疾病研究中的应用;其次就斑马鱼在发育生物学中的应用进行了概述;最后,介绍了斑马鱼在毒理学各方面(急性毒性、内分泌干扰、发育毒性、神经毒性、血管研究和癌症研究)的应用进展.     

四川酸性土壤石灰需求量方法的比较研究

四川盆地的部分土壤由于酸性氮肥的大量使用以及雨水的冲刷淋蚀作用而呈现越来越酸化的趋势。故有必要通过化学法确定土壤石灰需求量。该研究的目的是比较SMP—SB、SLP—DB在确定四川酸性土石灰需要量上的准确度。并提出一种全新的确定土壤石灰需要量的方法，即滴定法。在四川盆地8处采样点采集的土壤分别用这3种方法确定石灰需要量。将土壤实际培养所得的石灰用量作为标准方法，再将上述3种方法的测定结果分别与标准法进行线形相关分析，得到与标准曲线之间的线形方程。结果发现3种方法与标准方法之间均成线性相关。在确定石灰需求量上都具有一定的准确度，但相对而言。文章提出的滴定法更准确。更适合确定四川土壤的石灰施用量。     

大连海岸带夏、秋季大气沉降(微)塑料的赋存特征及其表面生物膜特性

微塑料作为一种新污染物,在水体、土壤和大气环境介质中均有分布.相比于海洋和陆地环境中微塑料研究的广度和深度,大气微塑料的研究还处于起步阶段.目前,有关大气环境中微塑料研究较少,对其污染特征和潜在风险的认识还不足.因此,调查了大连海岸带夏、秋季大气沉降样品中微塑料的赋存特征,探索了大气沉降塑料碎片表面生物膜的群落结构与功能特征.结果表明,大连海岸带夏、秋季大气沉降微塑料类型以纤维类为主,颜色以透明、蓝色和黑色为主,粒径以小于1 mm为主,成分主要为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、赛璐玢和乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物等(>90%).大连海岸带夏、秋季大气微塑料表面风化特征明显,且有微生物的定殖和生物膜的形成.变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是构成大连海岸带夏、秋季大气沉降塑料碎片表面生物膜的优势菌群.基因功能预测结果表明,大连海岸带夏、秋季大气沉降塑料碎片附生生物膜中存在与人类疾病密切相关的功能基因.本研究结果可为大气微塑料及其附生生物膜的环境与健康风险评估提供科学依据.     

负载纳米零价铁铜藻基活性炭的制备及其去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

以铜藻为原料,采用氯化锌活化法、初湿含浸法制备了负载纳米零价铁铜藻基活性炭(NZVI/SAC),并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱等方法对材料进行了分析.结果表明,纳米零价铁颗粒以50~150 nm粒径的球形形态负载在铜藻基活性炭上,且NZVI/SAC表面具有一层以铁的氧化物形态存在的核壳结构.对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除实验表明,NZVI/SAC是一种适用于高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理材料;NZVI/SAC去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的机制是还原反应与吸附共同作用,p H4时NZVI/SAC对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除以还原作用为主,p H4时材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除主要以NZVI和SAC的吸附作用决定;当载铁量为30%、p H=2、温度为30℃时,2 g·L-1的NZVI/SAC能将100 mg·L-1Cr(Ⅵ)在10 min内快速降解,此时以还原反应为主,最终去除率达100%.     

Pollution levels, composition characteristics and sources of atmospheric PM2.5 in a rural area of the North China Plain during winter

The pollution levels, composition characteristics and sources of atmospheric PM_2.5 were investigated based on field measurement at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) from pre-heating period to heating period in winter of 2017. The hourly average concentrations of PM_2.5 frequently exceeded 150 µg/m³ and even achieved 400 µg/m³, indicating that the PM_2.5 pollution was still very serious despite the implementation of stricter control measures in the rural area. Compared with the pre-heating period, the mean concentrations of organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC) and chlorine ion (Cl^?) during the heating period increased by 20.8%, 36.6% and 38.8%, accompanying with increments of their proportions in PM_2.5 from 37.5%, 9.8% and 5.5% to 42.9%, 12.7% and 7.2%, respectively. The significant increase of both their concentrations and proportions during the heating period was mainly ascribed to the residential coal combustion. The proportions of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium respectively increased from 9.9%, 10.9% and 9.0% in nighttime to 13.8%, 16.2% and 11.1% in daytime, implying that the daytime photochemical reactions made remarkable contributions to the secondary inorganic aerosols. The simulation results from WRF-Chem revealed that the emission of residential coal combustion in the rural area was underestimated by the current emission inventory. Six sources identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on the measurement were residential coal combustion, secondary formation of inorganic aerosols, biomass burning, vehicle emission and raising dust, contributing to atmospheric PM_2.5 of 40.5%, 21.2%, 16.4%, 10.8%, 8.6% and 2.5%, respectively.     

环境综合分析报告的发展趋势

对环境综合分析报告的特点和分类进行了阐述。指出目前的环境综合分析报告对环境监测成果的利用不够，对环境管理政策措施的了解不足，环境质量评价方法有待改进，环境综合分析手段有待提高。提出环境综合分析报告应由讲述型向解答型发展，由纯文本型向多媒体型发展，由专业型向通俗型发展，由定期型向实时型发展。     

省级政府环境治理绩效的组态生成机制研究——基于多重制度逻辑的动态FSQCA分析

省级政府承担着改善地区环境质量,守护一方绿水青山的重任。探究不同制度条件下地方政府环境治理绩效的组态生成机制,对加强生态文明建设,促进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化具有重要意义。基于多重制度逻辑理论,本文对30个省级行政区2017—2019年的数据进行了动态的汇总型FSQCA分析。研究发现：单一条件不能构成省级政府环境治理高绩效的必要生成条件;生成省级政府环境治理高绩效的组态机制共有四种,分别为：数据赋能单向机制、市场—法治协同机制、市场—公众协同机制以及政治—数据协同机制。进一步分析表明,在我国不同地区,生成省级政府环境治理高绩效的组态机制具有差异性。     

Ultra-high adsorption of Hg0 using impregnated activated carbon by selenium

Activated carbon was one of the main adsorptions utilized in elemental mercury (Hg⁰) removal from coal combustion flue gas. However, the high cost and low physical adsorption efficiency of activated carbon injection (ACI) limited its application. In this study, an ultra-high efficiency (nearly 100%) catalyst sorbent-Se_x/Activated carbon (Se_x/AC) was synthesized and applied to remove Hg⁰ in the simulated flue gas, which exhibited 120 times outstanding adsorption performance versus the conventional activated carbon. The Se_x/AC reached 17.98 mg/g Hg⁰ adsorption capacity at 160 °C under the pure nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, it maintained an excellent mercury adsorption tolerance, reaching the efficiency of Hg⁰ removal above 85% at the NO and SO₂ conditions in a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor. Characterized by the multiple methods, including BET, XRD, XPS, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis, and the DFT calculation, we demonstrated that the ultrahigh mercury removal performance originated from the activated Se species in Se_x/AC. Chemical adsorption plays a dominant role in Hg⁰ removal: Selenium anchored on the surface of AC would capture Hg⁰ in the flue gas to form an extremely stable substance-HgSe, avoiding subsequent Hg⁰ released. Additionally, the oxygen-containing functional groups in AC and the higher BET areas promote the conversion of Hg⁰ to HgO. This work provided a novel and highly efficient carbon-based sorbent -Se_x/AC to capture the mercury in coal combustion flue gas.

Selenium-modified porous activated carbon and the interface functional group promotes the synergistic effect of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption to promote the adsorption capacity of Hg⁰.