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51.
Suehiro F Mochizuki H Nakamura S Iwata H Kobayashi T Tanabe S Fujimori Y Nishimura F Tuyen BC Tana TS Suzuki S 《Chemosphere》2007,68(8):1459-1464
Tributyltin (TBT) is organotin compound that is toxic to aquatic life ranging from bacteria to mammals. This study examined the concentration of TBT in sediment from and near the Mekong River and the distribution of TBT-resistant bacteria. TBT concentrations ranged from <2.4 to 2.4 ng/g (dry wt) in river sediment and <2.4-15 ng g(-1) (dry wt) in harbor sediment. Viable count of total bacteria ranged from 2.0 x 10(4) to 1.4 x 10(7)cfu/g, and counts of TBT-resistant bacteria ranged <1.0 x 10(2) to 2.5 x 10(4)cfu/g. The estimated occurrence rate of TBT-resistant bacteria ranged from <0.01 to 34% and was highest in upstream sites in Cambodia. The occurrences of TBT in the sediment and of TBT-resistant bacteria were unrelated, and chemicals other than TBT might induce TBT resistance. TBT-resistant bacteria were more abundant in the dry season than in the rainy season. Differences in the selection process of TBT-resistant bacteria between dry and rainy seasons were examined using an advection-diffusion model of a suspended solid (SS) that conveys chemicals. The estimated dilution-diffusion time over a distance of 120 km downstream from a release site was 20 days during dry season and 5 days during rainy season, suggesting that bacteria at the sediment surface could be exposed to SS for longer periods during dry season. 相似文献
52.
Remediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy soils by washing with calcium chloride: verification of on-site washing 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Makino T Kamiya T Takano H Itou T Sekiya N Sasaki K Maejima Y Sugahara K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(1):112-119
We developed a new, three-step soil-wash method to remediate Cd-contaminated paddy fields. The method comprises (1) chemically washing the field soil with a CaCl2 solution; (2) washing the treated soil with water to eliminate residual Cd and CaCl2; and (3) on-site treatment of wastewater using a portable wastewater treatment system. Cd concentrations in the treated water were below Japan's environmental quality standard (0.01 mg Cd L-1), and the removal of Cd from the exchangeable fraction was 55% and from the acid-soluble fraction 15%. While soil fertility properties were affected by the soil washing, adverse effects were not crucial and could be corrected. The washing had no affect on rice growth, and reduced the average Cd concentration in rice grains by about two-thirds compared to a control plot. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the soil-wash method in remediating Cd-contaminated paddy fields. 相似文献
53.
Roger A. Petry Zinaida Fadeeva Olga Fadeeva Helen Hassl?f ?sa Hellstr?m Jos Hermans Yoko Mochizuki Kerstin Sonesson 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(1):83-96
This paper examines how education for sustainable development (ESD) can be concretely advanced using the theoretical approaches
of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) and sustainable livelihoods (SL). Five case examples illustrate a diverse
set of strategic educational interventions focusing on: (1) education of specific organizational actors about these theoretical
frameworks illustrated with case examples (such as SCP training by the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies
[UNU-IAS] and CSR-Asia of government and business representatives), (2) regional education strategies focused on production
and consumption in specific sectors (such as the food sector in Sk?ne, Sweden), (3) social learning directed at innovation
for sustainable development (such as competitions of solar boats developed by universities in the region of Friesland, the
Netherlands), (4) education of consumers and firms made possible by the adoption of certification systems affirming SCP and
SL (such as Cradle-to-Cradle certification of a paper company in the Netherlands or the establishment of Fair Trade cities
in Sweden), or (5) reorienting communities to address underutilized productive physical capital within communities (such as
the sharing productive capital project in rural areas of Saskatchewan, Canada). The cases are drawn from the projects that
the UNU-IAS, four of its regional centers of expertise (RCE) on ESD and other affiliates have conducted. In addition to documenting
the educational processes emerging from specific regions, the paper highlights findings related to the success of these projects
and opportunities for further research, including regional and inter-regional approaches. 相似文献
54.
55.
Saitoh Katsumi Kawabata Shin-ichirou Shirai Tadashi Sato Tatsuji Odaka Matsuo 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(5-6):173-180
PM2.5 and PM10 samples for megalopolis atmospheric particles were collected at Shinjuku, Tokyo in December 1998–January 1999 and August 1999, for two weeks both in winter and summer, with a 24 hr sampling interval. Sampling of PM2.5 and PM10 in diesel exhaust particles (DEP) was carried out using an automobile exhaust testing system, with a diesel truck placed on a chassis dynamometer. Sampling conditions included idling, constant speed of 40 km hr-1, M-15 test pattern and 60%-revolution/40%-load of maximum power. Mass spectrums of organic compounds adhering to the surface of the PM2.5 and PM10 samples were analyzed by laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOFMS, analytical mass range: m/z 1–m/z 380 000). LD-TOFMS analysis of those samples revealed consistently the detection of low-mass organic compounds up to m/z 800. For the megalopolis atmospheric particles, the mass spectrum pattern of wintertime samples was almost the same as that of the summertime samples for both PM2.5 and PM10. The major peak was m/z 177, and the minor peaks were m/z 84, 94, 101, 163, 189 and 235. The mass spectrum pattern of DEP was the same for all samples under all test conditions. The major peak was m/z 101, and other detected peaks were small. 相似文献
56.
Stephen O. Duke Hamed K. Abbas Mary V. Duke Hee Jae Lee Kevin C. Vaughn Tadashi Amagasa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):427-434
Abstract Microbes are sources of a diverse array of phytotoxic compounds. These compounds are generally structurally different from commercial herbicides, targeting different molecular sites of action within the plant. These novel structures and sites can be excellent leads for the discovery and development of safer synthetic herbicides. Microbial phytotoxins are often more environmentally benign than synthetic herbicides. Examples of phytotoxins from fungi (AAL‐toxin, cornexistin, cyperin, and tentoxin) with novel structures and sites of action are discussed. AAL‐toxin is toxic to a wide variety of weeds at very low dose rates. AAL‐toxin and many of its analogues kill plants by inhibiting a ceramide synthase‐like enzyme, causing rapid accumulation of free sphingoid bases that disrupt membranes. Cornexistin appears to be metabolically cnverted to an inhibitor of certain aspartate amino transferase isoenzymes. Its activity can be reversed by feeding aspartate and glutamate or with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Its activity is much like that of (aminooxy)acetate. Cyperin is a diphenylether phytotoxin that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, but does not kill plants by this mechanism. It appears to have other effects on porphyrin metabolism. Tentoxin is toxic by two mechanisms. It disrupts chloroplast development by inhibiting the processing of a nuclear‐coded plastid protein, and it also inhibits photophosphorylation by acting as an energy transfer inhibitor of coupling factor 1 ATPase. Other examples of phytotoxins from microbes with promise as herbicides will be mentioned. 相似文献
57.
Yuki G. Baba Miki Kusahara Yasunori Maezono Tadashi Miyashita 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(7):587-593
Cyrtarachne is an orb-weaving spider belonging to the subfamily Cyrtarachninae (Araneidae) which includes triangular-web-building Pasilobus and bolas spiders. The Cyrtarachninae is a group of spiders specialized in catching moths, which is thought to have evolved from ordinary orb-weaving araneids. Although the web-building time of nocturnal spiders is in general related to the time of sunset, anecdotal evidence has suggested variability of web-building time in Cyrtarachne and its closely related genera. This study has examined the effects of temperature, humidity, moonlight intensity, and prey (moths) availability on web-building time of Cyrtarachne bufo, Cyrtarachne akirai, and Cyrtarachne nagasakiensis. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) have revealed that humidity, and not prey availability, was the essential variable that explained the daily variability of web-building time. Experiments measuring thread stickiness under different humidities showed that, although the thread of Cyrtarachne was found to have strong stickiness under high humidity, low humidity caused a marked decrease of thread stickiness. By contrast, no obvious change in stickiness was seen in an ordinary orb-weaving spider, Larinia argiopiformis. These findings suggest that Cyrtarachne adjusts its web-building time to favorable conditions of high humidity maintaining strong stickiness, which enables the threads to work efficiently for capturing prey. 相似文献
58.
Janaína Campos Senra Carlos Tadashi Yoshizaki Giovana Farina Doro Rodrigo Ruano Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli Agatha Sacramento Rodrigues Vera Hermina Kalika Koch Vera Lúcia Jornada Krebs Marcelo Zugaib Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco Lisandra Stein Bernardes 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(11):1408-1417
59.
Prenatal diagnosis was attempted in a pregnant Japanese woman whose son had died of infantile hypophosphatasia, using chorionic villi sampled at 10 weeks of gestation. Southern blot analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism was used as a guide, with cDNA for the human liver-type alkaline phosphatase as a probe, and BclI as a restriction enzyme. The fetus was found to be a heterozygote; the pregnancy was allowed to continue; and the baby born was phenotypically normal. 相似文献
60.
Pankaj?KumarEmail author Sho?Iwagami Liu?Yaping Makato?Mikita Tadashi?Tanaka Tsutomu?Yamanaka 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(4):358-363
The hydrochemical study of the surface water along with land-use/land-cover study of its catchment area is useful for determining
its suitability for support to aquatic ecosystem and agricultural purposes. The surface water quality around the wetland in
Sugadaira region, Japan, is being affected both by complex hydrogeochemical processes and by anthropogenic activity, mainly
intensive agricultural practices. Statistical analysis was carried out in this study using surface water chemistry data to
enable hydrochemical evaluation of the water quality based on the ionic constituents, water types, and factors controlling
water quality. Results show that the general trend of various ions was found to be Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3
− > NO3
− > SO4
2− > Cl−. Spatial distribution of water chemistry shows that enrichment of NO3
− has taken place along one side of the wetland that is exposed directly to human settlement and agricultural practices. This
study is vital considering that pollution in a wetland indicates that poor health of water resources in the region not only
makes the situation alarming but also calls for immediate attention. 相似文献