无机结垢对纳滤膜分离水中全氟化合物的影响

选取全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)两种链长不同的典型全氟化合物(PFASs)作为目标去除物,以硫酸钙为典型无机结垢,研究硫酸钙结垢不同阶段中纳滤膜去除PFASs的特征和相关机理,简称硫酸钙试验,同时以相同离子强度的非结垢无机盐溶液开展对比试验考察目标PFASs的截留规律.结果表明,当硫酸钙和目标PFASs共存时,PFOS稳定截留率为硫酸钙试验(97.1%)>对比试验(93.0%),而PFBS稳定截留率为对比试验(46.2%)>硫酸钙试验(38.2%).对于同一PFAS,同一过滤时刻,膜面带电量:硫酸钙试验<对比试验;联合截留率、膜通量和Zeta电位综合分析可知,硫酸钙结垢过程中,PFOS的截留主要由Ca²⁺与PFOS的络合及架桥作用控制,该作用影响PFOS分离过程中的空间位阻作用强度;PFBS过滤初期的截留中静电排斥起主要作用,结垢层生成后,滤饼层强化的浓差极化作用成为PFBS截留效果下降的主要原因.     

Use of Small-area Data to Support a Community Agenda in Boston Chinatown

Boston Chinatown is a community that grapples with a constant pressure from the downtown area to build new and larger buildings. The effort to preserve the residential aspect of Chinatown has used data analysis in recent years by forming partnerships with academics. This has allowed for more sophisticated studies of traffic injuries, scientific surveys of residents about environmental health, the measurement of noise levels and the construction of physical and electronic mapping of data. While not the only factor contributing to the community's efforts to question the role of development, these data have added useful tools that reduce, but do not eliminate, the disparity between what the community brings to discussions about the environmental impact of development and what the developers have at their disposal.     

Mercury leaching characteristics of waste treatment residues generated from various sources in Korea

In this study, mercury (Hg) leaching characteristics of the waste treatment residues (fly ash, bottom ash, sludge, and phosphor powder) generated from various sources (municipal, industrial, medical waste incinerators, sewage sludge incinerator, oil refinery, coal-fired power plant, steel manufacturing plant, fluorescent lamp recycler, and cement kiln) in Korea were investigated. First, both Hg content analysis and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) testing was conducted for 31 collected residue samples. The Hg content analysis showed that fly ash from waste incinerators contained more Hg than the other residue samples. However, the TCLP values of fly ash samples with similar Hg content varied widely based on the residue type. Fly ash samples with low and high Hg leaching ratios (R_L) were further analyzed to identify the major factors that influence the Hg leaching potential. Buffering capacity of the low-R_L fly ash was higher than that of the high-R_L fly ash. The Hg speciation results suggest that the low-R_L fly ashes consisted primarily of low-solubility Hg compounds (Hg₂Cl₂, Hg⁰ or HgS), whereas the high-R_L fly ashes contain more than 20% high-solubility Hg compounds (HgCl₂ or HgSO₄).     

三亚湾东段海岸侵蚀与海滩养护

海岸侵蚀是当前沿海地区普遍所面临的挑战之一,许多城市景观海滩区沿海景观和旅游休闲功能已受到海岸侵蚀的直接影响,侵蚀性景观海滩的人工养护对保持海滩品位和促进旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。在分析三亚湾东段动力泥沙环境和岸滩自然特征基础上,根据卫星遥感影像资料、固定断面测量资料对比分析了该岸段的侵蚀特征和成因,提出以增加沙源有效供给和增强海滩抗冲刷能力为目标的海滩养护修复途径,设计了海滩养护方案。根据海滩养护工程实施后的地形断面监测对比,海滩养护后海滩范围扩大,达到修复目标。补沙工程一年半后,岸滩整体较为稳定,补沙后的泥沙流失量未有显著增加,达到预期效果。     

荣成天鹅湖鳗草海草床及邻近裸沙区关键环境因子的时空变化特征

海草床是近岸海域生产力极高的生态系统,是许多海洋水生生物的产卵场和育幼场。本文以山东荣成天鹅湖鳗草海草床及其邻近裸沙区为研究区域,通过周年调查,监测并分析了两个区域光照、水温、悬浮颗粒物、颗粒有机物和叶绿素a等环境因子的时空变化特征。结果发现,海草床对环境水温和光照具有较强的调节作用,其中,春季和秋季时海草床的水温高于裸沙区的天数,约占春、秋季时间周期的58.7%,夏季时海草床的水温低于裸沙区的天数,约占夏季周期的94.2%;春季和夏季时海草床的光照强度显著低于裸沙区,平均是裸沙区的60.3%;海草床对光照与水温的调节作用受植株密度和株高的显著影响,海草床的日温距平值（DTA）和光合光量子通量密度（PFD）与植株密度和株高均呈现显著负相关。结果表明,海草床具有明显的遮荫效果和夏季降温、春秋季升温等生态作用,从而为生物资源养护提供了良好的环境基础。     

多环芳烃污染土壤的植物与微生物修复研究进展

概括介绍了多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复、微生物修复和植物 微生物联合修复的原理、优缺点、影响因素及国内外研究进展 ,并对生物修复的未来发展进行了展望     

输煤皮带负压吸尘设备及系统的改进研究

分析了输煤皮带负压吸尘设备及系统目前存在的主要问题 ,详细介绍了对该系统的改进措施和实际情况。     

环境治理工程验收监测存在问题及对策

本文论述了当前我国环境治理工程验收监测工作中存在的问题，提出了在验收监测中应严格遵守监测规范，适当增加监测频次，准确、客观地评价监测结果，充分地为企业服务的对策。     

某商厦裙房大梁开裂原因分析

从施工反演分析、结构分析、配筋构造影响和混凝土收缩影响等方面分析了某商厦裙房大梁开裂的原因。