海河渤海湾地区沉积物、鱼体样品中多溴联苯醚的水平与分布

从海河、渤海湾水域内采集了沉积物和鱼体(鲫鱼)样品.采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)方法测定了样品中的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs).结果表明,沉积物(以干重计)和鱼体(以干重计)中PBDEs的检出水平分别为0.35～5.53、6.81～35.50 ng/g,其中相对含量较高的PBDEs单体为BDE-28和BDE-47.鱼体内脏组织中PBDEs的检出水平较肌肉组织中的PBDEs要高,表明其更容易富集PBDEs.     

电子束烟气脱硫技术工业示范工程进展

处理成都电厂２００ＭＷ机组锅炉的３０万Ｎｍ３／ｈ烟气。它是目前世界上已投入运行的处理烟气量最大的电子束脱硫装置。其脱硫率及脱硝率均超过８０％及１０％的设计值,各项运行消耗指标均低于设计值。处理过程为干法,无废水废渣,副产品硫（硝）铵可用作化肥。该装置的自动化程度较高,操作简便,对烟气ＳＯ２浓度及烟气量的变化有较好的适应性和负荷跟踪性。烟气中残氨浓度及周围的辐射剂量低于国家标准的规定。     

环境治理工程验收监测存在问题及对策

本文论述了当前我国环境治理工程验收监测工作中存在的问题，提出了在验收监测中应严格遵守监测规范，适当增加监测频次，准确、客观地评价监测结果，充分地为企业服务的对策。     

某商厦裙房大梁开裂原因分析

从施工反演分析、结构分析、配筋构造影响和混凝土收缩影响等方面分析了某商厦裙房大梁开裂的原因。     

WATER QUALITY MODELING FOR THE FEITSUI RESERVOIR IN NORTHERN TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: Field data collected from the Feitsui Reservoir in Taiwan indicate that the water is at a stage between mesotrophic and eutrophic. Recent measurements such as total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and Secchi depth levels suggest that the water quality has been declining. A two‐dimensional, laterally averaged, finite difference hydrodynamic and water quality model was used to simulate the water quality in the Feitsui Reservoir in an effort to determine sound water quality management strategies. The model was calibrated and verified using data collected in 1996 and 1997. The calibrated model was used to simulate algal biomass (in terms of chlorophyll a) levels under various wasteload reduction scenarios. Model results show that 50 percent reduction of the total phosphorus load will improve the existing water quality, shifting the trophic status from eutrophic/mesotrophic to oligotrophic. The modeling effort has yielded valuable information that can be used by decision makers for the evaluation of different management strategies of reducing watershed nutrient loads.     

基于AHP LP法的南水北调中线水资源优化配置

水资源是不可替代的重要自然资源和战略性经济资源，水资源优化配置是解决水资源问题的重要手段。为促进区域水资源供需状况相对平衡，按可持续发展的要求，根据区域水资源优化配置的含义和南水北调河北省受水区的具体情况，以有限水资源综合效益最大为目标，考虑水源可供水量、用户需水量和水环境与经济系统协调发展等约束，采用层次分析法与线性规划法相结合的方法，建立了水资源优化配置模型，并对模型的目标函数、约束条件和主要参数确定进行了初步探讨。最后用该模型进行了南水北调河北省受水区2005年和2010年95%保证率下的水资源优化配置研究，并对求解结果进行了分析、评价及展望。结果表明，南水北调工程实施后，能够解决河北省受水区严重缺水的状况。     

VELOCITY AND CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEDIMENT‐LADEN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW1

ABSTRACT: A mathematical model to predict both velocity and concentration distributions for sediment‐laden open channel flow is developed. Velocity profiles are derived by theoretical analysis and numerical method. Logarithmic law and semi‐empirical wake function concept are not adopted. An empirical equation for the ratio of sediment exchange and fluid diffusion coefficients is considered to solve the diffusion equation for suspended‐sediment concentration profiles. Four sets of experimental data from previous researchers are compared to numerical calculation. In the engineering applications, velocity and concentration profiles of sediment‐laden flow can be predicted simultaneously by the present model with the measured velocity and sediment‐concentration at reference level.     

不同水流流速对大叶藻移植植株存活、生长及光合色素含量的影响

在山东荣成典型潟湖-天鹅湖选取4个不同水流流速区域(6.5、8.2、11.8、24.6 cm/s),利用枚订法进行大叶藻植株移植,监测不同水流流速条件下移植植株存活、生长及光合色素含量的变化,确定大叶藻植株移植修复海区适宜水流流速范围。结果显示,移植90 d后,各水流流速条件下移植植株全部存活;6.5~8.2 cm/s条件下移植植株地上组织的形态学指标、质量和生产力均显著高于11.8~24.6 cm/s处理组,而地下组织的各指标则在6.5 cm/s水流流速时达到最小值;移植植株各光合色素含量的变化一致,均在24.6 cm/s水流流速时达到最大值,是其余处理组的1.2~1.3倍,6.5~11.8 cm/s处理组之间无明显差异。综合分析表明,利用枚订法移植的大叶藻植株至少可以耐受6.5~24.6 cm/s的水流环境,其适宜的水流流速阈值为8~10 cm/s。     

东北污灌区草甸棕壤吸附重金属铅的形态分布及解吸行为

以沈阳市沈抚污灌区的草甸棕壤为模型土,采用Tessier顺序提取法分析了吸附重金属Pb(Ⅱ)在土壤中的化学形态分布特点,研究了吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸行为,特别考察了冷冻对吸附Pb(Ⅱ)化学形态分布及解吸行为的影响.研究表明,吸附Pb(Ⅱ)在东北草甸棕壤上的化学形态分布规律为:可交换态碳酸盐结合态铁锰氧化物结合态有机结合态残渣态;吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸动力学过程可分为快速和慢速两个阶段,符合准二级动力学方程;冷冻对吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的形态分布基本无影响,而对平衡解吸率有明显影响,随冷冻时间延长,平衡解吸率逐渐降低;随pH值减小,平衡解吸率增大;pH值在5—10范围内,平衡解吸率变化幅度相对很小,而pH值低于5后,平衡解吸率急剧增大.随离子强度增大,平衡解吸率先急剧上升,后趋于平缓.提出Pb(Ⅱ)在东北草甸棕壤上的吸附机理:化学吸附和静电吸附,后者又可分为静电键合吸附和离子交换吸附.在实验条件下,静电吸附约占75%,化学吸附约占25%.     

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE USE OF STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING FOR RESERVOIR OPERATION1

ABSTRACT: A stochastic dynamic programming model is applied to a small hydroelectric system. The variation in number of stage iterations and the computer time required to reach steady state conditions with changes in the number of storage states is investigated. The increase in computer time required to develop the storage probability distributions with increase in the number of storage states is reviewed. It is found that for an average of seven inflow states, the largest number of storage states for which it is computationally feasible to develop the storage probability distributions is nine. It is shown that use of the dynamic program results based on a small number of storage states results in unrealistically skewed storage probability distributions. These skewed distributions are attributed to “trapping” states at the low end of the storage range.