深圳荔枝湖富营养化综合治理工程效果研究

分析和比较了深圳荔枝湖综合治理工程运行9个月内不同湖区水体的叶绿素a、总磷、总氮及透明度的变化,探讨了综合治理工程对城市富营养化湖泊荔枝湖的水质改善情况.结果表明,治理工程运行期间全湖湖水营养水平控制在较低水平(总磷＜0.1 mg·L-1,总氮＜1.5 mg·L-1),四湖区藻类水平北湖区(16.77μg·L-1)和东湖区(21.45μg·L-1)较低,南湖区(35.83μg·L-1)、西湖区(32.69μg·L-1)相对较高,全湖水体透明度提高(全湖平均＞0.5 m);治理工程将湖水水质由劣Ⅴ类改善为Ⅳ类,由重富营养化水平改善为富营养化水平.     

低强度超声波辐射对污泥生物活性的影响机制

通过测定超声辐射前后污泥性质的变化,不同处理方式对污泥活性影响以及自由基清除剂NaHCO3加入对超声作用效果影响,初步探讨了低强度超声波辐射对污泥生物活性的影响机制.研究结果表明,低强度超声辐射的机械作用和空化作用,使污泥絮体破碎,强化了固-液对氧的传质,提高了酶活性以及增加了溶液中可利用基质,从而强化了污泥的生物活性;不过,超声辐射同时也产生大量自由基,会对污泥生物活性产生抑制或破坏.因此,低强度超声辐射对污泥活性影响是促进效应和抑制效应共同作用的综合表现.     

KIO_4光催化脱色甲基橙的研究

以KIO4为催化剂,对甲基橙进行了光催化脱色研究。结果表明甲基橙的脱色率随着催化剂量的增加而增加,但是没有一个最佳的量。当甲基橙浓度低于16mg/L时,反应为拟一级动力学反应,但是反应不符合Langmuir-Hinshewood动力学模型。脱色率在酸性条件下比碱性条件较高。高碘酸钾光催化脱色甲基橙的机理不完全是羟基自由基进攻。     

重度富营养化水培条件下烟草的生长特性及其净化效果的研究

研究了烟草在重度富营养化水培条件下的生长特性、根的解剖结构,对其净化效果进行了观测,并对烟草在重度富营养化水中的生长特性变化原因、适应机理进行了探讨.     

磷矿山清洁生产评价指标权重最优设计研究

如何科学、准确地确定磷矿山清洁生产评价中各评价指标权重对磷矿山清洁生产评价具有极其重要的意义。因此,为了避免评价结果出现误差,本文通过对行业专家咨询调整不同准则层(或可调整的指标层)中指标所占的权重来确定最优化生产成本,实现集约生产,实现磷矿山企业利润最大化。这一设计方案的提出可为中国清洁生产水平进行准确的评价提供参考。     

胶州湾海域水质现状评价

通过对2009年胶州湾监测数据的分析,采用单因子指数法,对胶州湾海域水质现状进行了评价。结果表明2009年10月份胶州湾海域,一类和二类水质面积占胶州湾总水域面积的60.0%,劣四类水质面积占10.0%,胶州湾现状水质定性结论为一般。各点位各有机监测项目均为未检出,说明胶州湾内尚未产生有机污染。胶州湾内石油类的浓度范围为1.8 23 ug/L,各测点均达到国家海水水质一类标准的要求。胶州湾内重金属未出现超标现象。     

紫外诱导高效降解菌处理生活污水的实验研究

由武汉某生活污水受纳水体的底泥中筛选分离得到生活污水降解菌,并经紫外诱导后投加到生活污水中进行处理.结果发现,在紫外线诱导下,该降解菌在3 min和5 min时,紫外致死率分别达到85％和90％;经紫外诱导后分离的两株突变菌,对TN的降解率分别提高到61.21％和63.89％,对TP的降解率分别提高到93.06％和93...     

An evaluation of a river health using the index of biological integrity along with relations to chemical and habitat conditions

We evaluated the health condition of a temperate river during June-November 1999 through applications of the index of biological integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) as well as chemical analyses. Overall IBI values ranged from 13 to 37 and averaged 23 (n = 25, standard error = 1.16), indicating a "poor" or "very poor" condition according to the criteria of modified Karr [Fisheries 6 (1981) 21]. The values of mean IBI declined at a rate of 0.22 km(-1) (R2 = 0.91, p < 0.05) along the longitudinal distance from the headwaters to the downstream sites. Reduced IBI values at downstream sites reflected low forest cover, high population density and high nutrient enrichments. Ecotoxicity tests using the river water also showed that toxic impacts were evident in the downriver sites. These factors resulted in decreases of riffle benthic species and insectivores and increases of tolerant species, anormalies and exotic species in the river. Spatial pattern in IBI agreed with QHEI values, which showed a linear relation (R2 = 0.998, p < 0.001) with species richness. Field measurements of conductivity and pH, an indicators for variation of conservative ions, showed that the river water was diluted by 40% fold by summer monsoon rain and surface run-off from the watershed, resulting in a physical and chemical instability during the monsoon. For these reasons, average IBI values during the monsoon and postmonsoon decreased >20% compared to the premonsoon, indicating that IBI values were also affected by flow regime. Based on the overall physico-chemical data and IBI values, the river health is rapidly degrading due to the combined effect of chemical contaminations and habitat modifications.     

A practical application of Driscoll's equation for predicting the acid-neutralizing capacity in acidic natural waters equilibria with the mineral phase gibbsite

A practical application of Driscoll's equation for predicting the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) in acidic waters equilibria with the mineral phase gibbsite is reported in this paper. Theoretical predication values of ANC are compared with the experimental data obtained from different literatures. The effect of aluminum (Al) on the value of ANC is investigated. It indicates that Al plays an important role in regulating the buffering effects in acidic natural waters. Failure to consider Al in acidic waters may bias assessment results in certain situations so as to overestimate the ANC values in response to increase in atmospheric deposition.     

Dynamics of aluminum speciation in forest-well drainage waters from the Rhode River watershed, Maryland

This paper reports an investigation of the dynamics of aluminum (Al) speciation in the forest-well waters from study site 110 of the Rhode River watershed, a representative sub-unit of Chesapeake Bay. Seasonal changes of Al speciation are evaluated by a modified MINEQL computer model using chemical equilibrium calculation. It was found that Al-F and Al-Org complexes were the dominate forms, whereas toxic forms of Al3+ and Al-OH were not significant. This indicates that Al toxicity is not very serious in the Rhode River area due to the high concentrations of fluoride and organic materials, even though sometimes pH is very low (approximately 4). Increased H+ or some other associated factors may be responsible for the decline in fish and amphibian population on the watershed.