复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水的实验研究

以铁板为阴极,石墨为阳极,吸附饱和的活性炭粒子为填充材料,研究了复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水时各因素对处理效率的影响。通过单因素实验确定了复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水的最佳操作条件为：电解电压20V,反应时间60min,活性炭填充量25g／L,电极板间距4cm,废水初始pH值6～7,电解质的投加量0．8g／L。此条件下废水的硝基苯去除率达到80％以上,COD去除率达到50％以上,显示出良好的处理效果。     

膜生物反应器应用于脱氮除磷的研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种新型高效的污水处理工艺,近年来在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注。文中综述了MBR工艺在脱氮、除磷方面的研究成果以及多种工艺的处理效果,同时还介绍了影响MBR脱氮除磷效率的因素。     

大型水生植物对骆马湖氮磷元素及磷酸酶活性的影响

在骆马湖中选择有大型水生植物生长区域及无草对照区,测定主要水质指标,采集沉积物柱状样,分层测定沉积物氮磷元素含量及磷酸酶活性,探讨大型水生植物对骆马湖生态系统中氮磷元素及磷酸酶活性影响特征,结果表明：（1）大型水生植物生长区上覆水透明度明显高于对照(CK),是对照(CK)19倍;但有草区凯氏氮(KN)、可溶性氮(DN)含量低于对照(CK),方差分析表明二者差异极显著(〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗≤001);（2）大型水生植物生长能降低磷酸酶的活性,有草区不同深度沉积物酸（碱）磷酸酶活性总体小于对照(CK),但沉积物表层磷酸酶活性最强;（3）有草区不同深度沉积物TP含量低于对照(CK),但有草区表层沉积物凯氏氮(KN)含量高于对照(CK ).     

Persistent organic pollutant emissions from medical waste incinerators in China

The huge amount of medical waste (MW) has caused a tough challenge to environmental protection in China because of its serious infectious potential. At present, incineration is the most common technology for MW disposal. Unfortunately, the medical waste incinerator (MWI) is considered one of the major sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study was conducted to investigate the generation and the components of MW; the fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in MWI; and PCDD/F, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene concentrations in residue ash. The estimated annual production of MW was estimated to be 0.97 million tons in China in 2008; in addition, plastic and rubber accounted for 24.5% of MW contents. PCDD/F emissions from MWI could be divided into two main groups according their fingerprints, and the ratio of PCDFs/PCDDs was mostly over 1.5, with a mean value of 3.43. The toxic equivalent of PCDD/Fs was over 30 times that of the value of PCBs in the residue ash, and PCDD/F contents in fly ash accounted for approximately 67% of the total output of PCDD/Fs, which was in line with the UNEP default emission factors for MWI (class 3, 63.7%).     

环境污染对农业生产的影响

农业和农村环境是人类生存、经济发展和社会安定的基础和根本保证。但是,随着经济的发展和人口的增长,各种工业废弃物和农用化学物质不断地涌入农业环境,使得农业环境的污染负荷增加,农业本身产生的污染问题也日益严重,农业环境正面临一系列严重的环境污染和生态破坏的问题。环境各个要素的污染都会影响正常的农业生产,主要介绍了大气污染、水污染、土壤污染的基本特征及其对农业生产的影响。     

水环境中有机污染物对藻类毒理性的探讨

近年来,环境中的有机污染物对生态环境的破坏日益加剧,并严重威胁到了人类的生存和发展。藻类作为初级生产者,是整个生态系统物质循环和能量流动的基础,因此研究水环境中有机污染物对藻类的毒理性,对于环境污染的监测具有深远的意义。就有机污染物对藻类的毒性机理、藻类对有机污染物的敏感度等问题的研究现状进行综述,并对藻类在环境监测方面的应用前景进行展望。     

脱硫吸收塔除雾器性能的实验研究和数值模拟

实验研究了不同操作条件、板片型式及板间距对除雾器除雾效率及压降的影响规律,并采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对除雾器内流场进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明,操作条件对压降和流场影响较小,而板片型式特别是迎风面的几何结构是影响流场与压降的关键因素;随着气速的增大,除雾效率增高,但当气速增到某一临界值（4～5 m/s）后,除雾效率随着气速的增大而迅速减小;除雾器压降的数值模拟结果与实验值吻合良好;除雾器内存在2个回流区,回流区是产生除雾器临界气速的重要原因之一。研究结果可为除雾器优化设计提供指导。     

危险化学品道路运输安全评价体系的建立

近年来,危险化学品道路运输事故呈不断上升趋势,其危害性极强,社会影响极坏,危险化学品道路运输安全问题正成为人们普遍关注的问题。本文分析了国内外危险化学品道路运输安全现状,从我国危险化学品道路运输事故的影响因素、危险化学品事故原因等方面分析了我国危险化学品道路运输的特点。在此基础上,建立了我国危险化学品道路运输安全评价体系,对减少危险化学品道路运输事故具有一定的实践指导意义。     

隐患排查分析及治理对策

通过对北京经济技术开发区重点代表企业隐患排查实施的研究,将医药、印刷等不同行业存在的隐患加以分析,对分析出的突出问题进行剖析并提出相应的对策。     

Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plant, shellfish and sediment samples from Laizhou Bay in China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are potentially harmful and persistent environmental pollutants. PBDEs concentrations are reported in plant, shellfish and sediment samples collected from Chinese Laizhou Bay. The summation operator(11)PBDE concentrations in plant and shellfish samples from Laizhou Bay were in the range of 70-5900ngg(-1) and 230-720ngg(-1) lipid, respectively. The summation operator(11)PBDEs concentrations in river sediment intervals samples ranged from 1.3 to 1800ng g(-1) dry weight. Pearson correlation analyses were performed on concentrations of PBDEs congeners of different sediment sample intervals. There were significant positive correlations for BDE 28 and BDE 100 (r=0.945, p<0.01), BDE 47 and BDE 99 (r=0.879, p<0.01), BDE 153 and BDE 154 (r=0.934, p<0.01), nona-BDEs and BDE 209 (r>0.934, p<0.01). BDE 209 was the predominant congener in all analyzed samples, consistent with the fact that deca-BDE technical mixtures are the dominant PBDEs product in Laizhou Bay. Data showed that PBDEs should be considered as an increasing pollution problem in the Laizhou Bay region.