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51.
Takashi A. Inoue Kiyoshi Asaoka Kazuaki Seta Daisuke Imaeda Mamiko Ozaki 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(3):355-363
The feeding behavior in nectar-feeding insects is triggered by a sugar-receptor response in contact chemosensilla. The contact
chemosensilla are distributed not only on tarsi and the outside of the proboscis but also on the inside of the food canal
in Lepidoptera. Although the chemosensilla inside the food canal are assumed to detect sweet taste during the passage of nectar
through the food canal, their electrophysiological function has received little attention. In the nectar-feeding Asian swallowtail
butterfly, Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), we found 15- to 30-μm-long sensilla neatly lined up along the inside galea wall, which forms
the food canal in the proboscis. The receptor neurons of these sensilla responded to sucrose. We hypothesized that starch
and sucrose compete with each other for a taste receptor site on the sensilla. When we added starch and sucrose to the food-canal
sensilla, the electrophysiological responses of food-canal sensilla were inhibited in parallel with the food-sucking behavior
of the butterflies. These results suggest that the food-canal sensilla are involved in the behavioral control of nectar-sucking
in this butterfly species. 相似文献
52.
Prodigiosin is a reddish antibiotic pigment that plays an important role in the biocontrol of plant diseases by the bacterium
Serratia marcescens. However, its activity is unstable under agricultural conditions; further, it can be degraded by various environmental factors.
To examine the effect of epiphytic microbes on the stability of prodigiosin used for biological control processes, we collected
a total of 1,280 bacterial isolates from the phylloplane of cyclamen and tomato plants. Approximately 72% of the bacterial
strains isolated from the cyclamen plants and 66% of those isolated from the tomato plants grew on minimal agar medium containing
100 μg ml−1 prodigiosin. Certain isolates obtained from both plant species exhibited prodigiosin-degrading activity. We compared the
16S rRNA gene sequences derived from the isolates with sequences in a database. The comparison revealed that the sequences
determined for the prodigiosin-degrading isolates were homologous to those of the genera Pseudomonas, Caulobacter, Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Janthinobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Rathayibacter. These results indicate that indigenous epiphytic microorganisms may interfere with the interaction between plant pathogens
and biocontrol agents by degrading the antibiotics produced by the agents. 相似文献
53.
Pharmacophagous acquisition of clerodendrins by the turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae ruficornis) and their role in the mating behavior 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary. Adults of the turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae ruficornis (Tenthredinidae: Hymenoptera), frequently visit a plant, Clerodendron trichotomum (Verbenaceae), and feed pharmacophagously on the glandular trichomes on the leaf surface. A series of neo-clerodane diterpenoids (e.g. clerodendrins B and D) contained in glandular organs on the leaf surface stimulate feeding of the sawflies (both males and
females). The adults fed selectively on the trichomes were found to sequester a series of the bitter-tasting diterpenes (clerodendrin
D, ajugachin A, athaliadiol) in the body tissues, which suggested their primary role as defense substances against predators.
Females fed on Clerodendron leaves or on clerodendrin B or D were more successful in mating than unfed females. Thus, females seem to obtain an advantage
in mating success through the acquisition of the defensive principles from the Clerodendron plant.
Received 20 April 1999; accepted 29 June 1999 相似文献
54.
55.
Zheng LI Rong QI Wei AN Takashi MINO Tadashi SHOJI Willy VERSTRAETE Jian GU Shengtao LI Shiwei XU Min YANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):534
In this study, the performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a full-scale closed-loop bioreactor (oxidation ditch) system was simulated using the ASM2d model. Routine data describing the process for two years were compiled for calibration and validation. To overcome the identifiability problem, the classic Bayesian inference approach was utilized for parameter estimation. The calibrated model could describe the long-term trend of nutrient removal and short-term variations of the process performance, showing that the Bayesian method was a reliable and useful tool for the parameter estimation of the activated sludge models. The anoxic phosphate uptake by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) contributed 71.2% of the total Poly-P storage, which reveals the dominance of denitrifying phosphorus removal process under the oxygen limiting conditions. It was found that 58.7% of the anoxic Poly-P storage and denitrification by PAO in the reactor was achieved in the aerated compartment, implying that the PAO’s anoxic activity was significantly stimulated by the low dissolved oxygen (DO) level in this compartment due to the oxygen gradient caused by brush aerator. 相似文献
56.
Munira Sultana Takashi Asaeda M. Ekram Azim Takeshi Fujino 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(6):467-477
Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to examine how photosynthesis and growth occur in Potamogeton wrightii Morong under different photoperiods and nutrient conditions. The experiment was based on a 3×2 factorial design with three photoperiods (16, 12 and 8 h) of 200 μE · m?2·s?1 irradiance and two nutrient conditions, high (90 μmol N · L?1·d?1 and 9 μmol P · L?1·d?1) and low (30 μmol N L?1·d?1 and 3 μmol P · L?1·d?1). After 14, 28, 56 and 70 days of growth, plants were harvested to determine net photosynthesis rate and various growth parameters. Above- and below-ground biomass were investigated on days 56 and 70 only. Plants under low nutrient conditions had greater leaf area, more chlorophyll a, a higher rate of net photosynthesis and accumulated more above- and below-ground biomass than plants in the high nutrient condition. Plants with an 8 h photoperiod in the low nutrient condition had a significantly higher rate of net photosynthesis, whereas 8 h photoperiod plants in the high nutrient condition had a lower rate of net photosynthesis and their photosynthetic capacity collapsed on day 70. We conclude that P. wrightii has the photosynthetic plasticity to overcome the effects of a shorter photoperiod under a tolerable nutrient state. 相似文献
57.
Ryoko Fujiyoshi Yukihide Haraki Takashi Sumiyoshi Hikaru Amano Ivan Kobal Janja Vaupotič 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):73-82
Radon (222Rn) and carbon dioxide were monitored simultaneously in soil air under a cool-temperate deciduous stand on the campus of Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Japan. Both 222Rn and CO2 concentrations in soil air varied with atmospheric (soil) temperature in three seasons, except for winter when the temperature
in soil air remained constant at 2–3°C at depth of 80 cm. In winter, the gaseous components were influenced by low-pressure
region passing through the observation site when the ground surface was covered with snow of ~1 m thickness. Carbon isotopic
analyses of CO2 suggested that CO2 in soil air may result from mixing of atmospheric air and soil components of different origins, i.e. CO2 from contemporary soil organic matter and old carbon from deeper source, to varying degrees, depending on seasonal meteorological
and thus biological conditions. 相似文献
58.
Mioko Taguchi Susan J. Chivers Patricia E. Rosel Takashi Matsuishi Syuiti Abe 《Marine Biology》2010,157(7):1489-1498
Genetic structure and phylogeography of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in the North Pacific were examined using 358 bps sequences from the 5′ end of the mitochondrial DNA control region including
those reported previously and newly obtained from the west Pacific. AMOVA and pairwise population φ
st
estimates clearly revealed genetic differentiation between an east/south and a north/northwest group with the break along
the Pacific Rim at British Columbia. In addition, nested clade phylogeographical analysis, neutrality tests, mismatch distribution
analysis, genetic diversities and Mantel test, suggested that the observed genetic structure might have been influenced by
contiguous range expansion with restricted gene flow in the direction from south to north along the North American coasts
and east to west along the Pacific Rim in the middle to late Pleistocene. 相似文献
59.
Ribeiro Bruno Yamamoto Takashi Yamashiki Yosuke 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(3):1219-1226
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The use of agro-residue in resource-limited regions can be a smart way for civil construction to reduce costs, reduce emissions of pollutant gases... 相似文献
60.
Nakazawa E Ikemoto T Hokura A Terada Y Kunito T Yamamoto T Yamada TK Rosas FC Fillmann G Tanabe S Nakai I 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(6):1678-1686
The chemical form of Ag in the livers of five species of marine mammals was examined using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopies. The XAFS analysis suggested that Ag(2)Se was present in the livers of the Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), and Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii), whereas Ag(2)S was present in the livers of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata). XRF spectroscopy results revealed that the distribution patterns of Ag and Se in a thin section of the liver of the Franciscana dolphin were the same; this also implied that Ag was associated with Se in the liver. Thus, the interaction of Ag with Se or S may offer significant protection against the toxicity of Ag in marine mammals. The formation of either Ag(2)Se or Ag(2)S might depend on the Hg levels in the liver. Ag(2)Se was observed in liver samples with relatively high Ag/Hg ratio, whereas liver samples with low Ag/Hg ratio contained Ag(2)S. 相似文献