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21.
In vivo exposure of rats to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 12h caused changes in fatty acids composition of alveolar lavage phospholipids. Among the fatty acid species, the relative ratio of palmitic acid, myristic acid and palmitoleic acid increased significantly. While the relative ratio of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased significantly. Both the increase in the incorporation of palmitic acid in phosphatidylcholine which would be released into the alveoli and the increase in the release of phosphatidylcholine into the alveoli may account for the changes in the fatty acid composition of the present findings. 相似文献
22.
Morihiro Osada Ken Takamiya Kazutaka Manako Masato Noguchi Shin-ichi Sakai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(1):25-36
The service life of many buildings and houses built using asbestos-containing materials is coming to an end and their demolition will lead to a great deal of asbestos-containing waste (ACW). Conventionally, the disposal of such waste is conducted by isolation under controlled landfill procedures; however problems with this method exist, such as the risk at the time of re-utilization of landfill sites and the depletion of lands to be reclaimed. Melting treatment is a promising technology that could be used to solve these problems; a thermal process involving temperatures exceeding the melting points of asbestos, it transforms them into non-hazardous minerals. This technology may be applicable not only for friable ACW but also for nonfriable ACW. We performed a demonstration test of melting treatment of nonfriable ACW using a gasification and melting furnace of the shaft furnace type, which is a typical method for high temperature melting. Detailed observation using transmission electron microscopy as well as general analyses verified that the same level of asbestos remained in the slag obtained by high temperature melting as that of the background soil. In addition, the asbestos concentration in the exhaust gas and the dust from the facility were at sufficiently low levels, and it was thus verified that the asbestos concentration in the atmosphere in the vicinity of the facility during the melting treatment was comparable to that of Japan’s background level reported by the Ministry of the Environment in 2007. 相似文献
23.
This paper examined the factors that might influence participating farmers’ willingness-to-pay for the Tree Farming Fund (TFF)
established for sustainable development of participatory forest management (PFM). Information on willingness-to-pay, socioeconomic
characteristics, and attitudes of participating farmers toward TFF were obtained from interviews with 581 participating farmers.
Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the dominant factors that might influence participating farmers’ willingness-to-pay
for the TFF. The results showed that participating farmers’ willingness-to-pay was significantly affected by (i) family income;
(ii) education level; (iii) confidence that his aspired benefits will be received; (iv) agreement with the statement that
‘PFM is sustainable under the present state of management’; (v) agreement with the statement that ‘PFM is a good strategy
for forest conservation’; and (vi) knowledge of PFM strategies. Thus, participating farmers with a higher level of education,
higher income and positive attitudes toward TFF tended to express more willingness-to-pay. Establishment of TFF could be an
effective strategy in implementing sustainable PFM in Bangladesh. For this strategy to succeed, however, active partnership
between the participating farmers and Forest Department is required. Participating farmers’ attitudes toward TFF should therefore
be taken into consideration as should the results of this study, which are important indicators of participating farmers’
positive attitudes toward TFF. 相似文献
24.
The occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in marine sinking particles was investigated. Sinking particles were collected in 1991 using sediment traps in the coastal area of Aburatsubo Inlet, Japan. TTX and related substances were analyzed by tissue culture bioassay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). TTX and related substances were detected from six samples. The concentrations were estimated to be ca. 200 to 1000 ng g-1 by the HPLC analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of TTX in particles in an aquatic environment. The present results indicate that sinking particles are one of the sources of TTX in the marine environment and that these particles play a role in the toxification of marine organisms. 相似文献
25.
In this study, rice husks considered to be agricultural waste are converted into an adsorbent intended for use in the disposal of oil spills. The raw and refined (defiberized) husks of Japanese Akita Komachi rice were pyrolyzed in a vacuum (500 Pa) at 300-800 degrees C. The amount of A-heavy and B-heavy oils adsorbed on the carbonized rice husk were then evaluated. Oil adsorption is dependent on the type of oil. Rice husks refined and then pyrolyzed at 600-700 degrees C (1.0 g) adsorbed >6.0 g of B-heavy oil and <1.5 g of water, which indicates their usefulness as an adsorbent for oil spill cleanup in Japan. The refining process contributes to an improvement in the oil adsorption capacity, while the carbonization time (at 600 degrees C) has only a minor influence. The residual fluid components in the carbonized rice husks, rather than their porosity, are closely related to oil adsorption capacity. 相似文献
26.
Takako Noguchi Takaaki Itai Nguyen Minh Tue Tetsuro Agusa Nguyen Ngoc Ha Sawako Horai Pham Thi Kim Trang Pham Hung Viet Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):46-51
Human exposure to lead (Pb) due to uncontrolled Pb-acid battery recycling has been an environmental health issue in newly developed industrial regions. We conducted a human monitoring survey in Dong Mai, a battery recycling village in Vietnam, to assess exposure status to Pb. Lead level was measured in hair, blood and urine samples of residents in Dong Mai and two reference sites during 4 years spanning 2007–2011. In Dong Mai, Pb levels in three matrixes were significantly higher than those in reference sites. Blood Pb levels of all adults and children exceeded 10 μg/dL, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of an elevated blood Pb level. Clear increase of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) level with increasing blood Pb level indicated disruption of heme synthesis. One adult exceeded 100 μg/dL of blood Pb, where encephalopathy is of concern. The blood Pb levels achieved various toxic effect threshold values, and elevated blood Pb was not limited to recycling workers, but was also in children and women of reproductive age. Serious pollution status of Dong Mai village suggests an importance of further monitoring surveys in various developing Asian countries. 相似文献
27.
28.
Izumi Noguchi Kentaro Hayashi Masahide Aikawa Tsuyoshi Ohizumi Yukiya Minami Moritsugu Kitamura Akira Takahashi Hiroshi Tanimoto Kazuhide Matsuda Hiroshi Hara 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):67-75
Temporal trends of non-sea salt (nss-) sulfate and nitrate were analyzed from nationwide precipitation chemistry measurements
provided by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) for the 1988–2002 fiscal years (April–March). The concentrations and deposition
of nss-sulfate were found to be decreasing, and those of nitrate were stable or slightly increasing at most sites. These deposition
trends were discussed from the viewpoint of emissions of SO2 and NOX during the period of interest. Because monitoring techniques have changed in the number of active sites, samplers, and analytical
methods during the operation period, the median of all annual depositions measured in Japan in a specific year was selected
as the annual representative. The contribution of specific emission sources was also calculated for 1990 on the basis of the
nss-sulfate and nitrate deposition in Japan obtained with a model simulation in which the model did not include volcanic emissions
from Mt. Oyama, Miyakejima Island, which began to erupt suddenly and violently in 2000. For nss-sulfate, the calculated deposition
agrees well with the intensity and trends of the median up to 1999. After 2000, a higher deposition than calculated in the
preceding years was evident, which is attributable to the volcanic SO2 from Mt. Oyama. For nitrate, both the calculated and observed depositions were slightly increasing; however, the calculation
was found to exceed the observation. 相似文献
29.
Although mysids play important roles in marine food chains, studies on their production are scarce, especially for warm-water
species. We investigated life history and production of Orientomysis robusta in a shallow warm-temperate habitat of the Sea of Japan. Its spawning and recruitment occurred throughout the year; 19 overlapping
cohorts were recognizable over an annual cycle. The summer cohorts recruited in July–September exhibited rapid growth, early
maturity, small brood size, and small body size. A converse set of life history traits characterized the autumn–winter cohorts
recruited in October–March. The spring cohorts recruited in April–June had intermediate characteristics of both cohorts. Life
spans were 19–33, 21–48, and 69–138 days for summer, spring, and autumn–winter cohorts, respectively, and mortality rates
were high for spring and summer cohorts, especially during June–August but were low for autumn–winter cohorts. Production
calculated from the summation of growth increments was 488.8 mg DW m−2 year−1 with an annual P/B ratio of 21.26. The short life span seems to be responsible for such an extremely high P/B ratio. A method not requiring recognition and tracking cohorts gave similar values (534.0 mg DW m−2 year−1 and 20.49). The close agreement in production values between the two methods indicates our estimates are valid. 相似文献