Relation of lead adsorption on birnessites with different average oxidation states of manganese and release of Mn^2＋/H^＋/K^＋

The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio...     

铁修饰的污泥生物炭对污泥脱水性能的改善效果

为改善城市污水处理厂污泥的脱水性能,采用铁修饰污泥生物炭作为助滤剂,与FeCl₃一起对污泥进行联合调理。以污泥净产率、污泥比阻和泥饼含水率评价污泥脱水性能;通过污泥Zeta电位、扫描电镜、EDS和泥饼可压缩性系数分析该方法的机理;同时,通过对污泥胞外聚合物、重金属以及总氯含量的分析,探究其调理污泥的环境风险,以明确该方法用于改善污泥脱水性能的可行性。结果表明,在500 ℃下制备的铁修饰污泥生物炭(30%)和FeCl₃(12.82%)联合调理时,污泥脱水的效果最佳;与仅用FeCl₃(12.82%)调理的污泥相比,污泥净产率升高了73.38%、污泥比阻降低了68.75%、泥饼含水率降低了9.03%。在较高温度下制备的铁修饰污泥生物炭,其孔隙结构更为发达、表面铁元素含量更高;与FeCl₃联合调理污泥时,更容易发生絮凝,从而使泥饼的渗透性能更好。而且,在联合调理的条件下,污泥中溶解型、松散结合型和紧密结合型胞外聚合物的含量均有所降低;污泥泥饼中重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn)更为稳定,泥饼热解固相产物和非固相产物中总氯含量降低,环境生态风险更小。采用铁修饰污泥生物炭作为助滤剂,可改善污泥脱水性能,并具有实际应用的潜力。     

废纸苯酚液化物合成热固型酚醛树脂

为了提高废纸的附加值,利用废纸苯酚液化物与甲醛在碱性环境中反应,进行热固型酚醛树脂合成实验。通过正交实验确定最优化的树脂化合成工艺为:n(甲醛)∶n(废纸液化物)=2.1,n(氢氧化钠)∶n(废纸液化物)=0.5,合成温度74℃,合成时间3.0h。在此工艺条件下制备的酚醛树脂压制的胶合板达到GB/T9846—2004《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中Ⅰ类胶合板的强度要求。     

壳聚糖三元接枝共聚物的合成及其阻垢性能

以壳聚糖(CTS)、衣康酸(IA)和马来酸酐(MA)为原料,以醋酸为溶剂、(NH_4)_2S_2O_8为引发剂,合成了CTS-IA-MA三元接枝共聚物。聚合反应的最佳条件为:反应温度90℃,n(CTS):n(IA):n(MA)=1:1.5:1.0,引发剂质量分数0.35%,反应时间5 h。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征,所得产物为CTS-IA-MA接枝共聚物。三元接枝共聚物质量浓度为50 mg/L、水样pH为中性或弱酸性时三元接枝共聚物对CaCO_3的阻垢效果较好。     

超临界水氧化法处理造纸黑液

采用自制的超临界水氧化反应装置,对造纸工业排放的黑液进行处理。考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间、过氧量(初始反应时所加氧气的量与废水完全氧化所需氧气的理论量的比,%)等对黑液中COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,处理黑液的最佳反应条件为:反应温度500℃,压力26M Pa,过氧量500%,反应时间120s。在此最佳条件下处理COD为85 000m g/L的造纸黑液,COD去除率可达99.9%。     

What happens when you trust your supervisor? Mediators of individual performance in trust relationships

To understand how trust in supervisor translates into individual job performance, we hypothesize that trust in supervisor facilitates positive psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety, and availability, which in turn predict individual job performance. We assert that each of the three mediating paths in our model represents a distinct mechanism by which trust in supervisor contributes to individual job performance. We test our hypotheses with 206 supervisor–subordinate dyads and find that trust in supervisor contributes to job performance through psychological availability and psychological safety but not psychological meaningfulness. By examining three different psychological mechanisms within the same frame, we provide a test that compares and contrasts the uniqueness of the three pathways. Our findings suggest practical ways for managers to build trust with subordinates and guidance for the design of productive work conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flicker Test as a Load Measurement During the Combined Effect of Heat and Noise

This study was a joint physiological and psychological experiment undertaken to determine changes in physiological and psychological human functions under the combined influence of heat, noise, and physical activity. Seven experimental situations were simulated in a climatic chamber with different configurations of three independent variables: heat (40 °C), noise (98 dB), and physical effort (30% of maximum volume of oxygen uptake—V0₂ max). Five psychological variables (critical flicker fusion—CFF, hand tremor, reaction time, subjective climate evaluation, and subjective evaluation of the given condition load) and two physiological variables (heart rate and rectal temperature) were monitored. Results indicate that CFF changed (increased) significantly when more than one experimental variable was applied. These changes coincided with significant changes in both subjective climate evaluation and subjective evaluation of a given condition load. There were no significant changes in psychomotor functions (hand tremor and reaction time). None of the observed physiological parameters were above the critical value. The results suggest that CFF can be treated as a psychophysical load indicator.     

均压和封堵措施在运河煤矿中的应用

结合运河煤矿综放工作面的特点,对工作面漏风通道进行了分析。通过实施均压和封堵两项综合措施,不但解决了工作面向采空区漏风的问题,而且抑制了采空区瓦斯向工作面的涌出,有效地保证了工作面的安全开采。     

企业安全法规符合性评估方法

在安全法制建设逐步完善,安全法规数量逐年增多的背景下,为能有效落实企业安全生产主体责任,系统提出一种企业安全法规符合性评估方法:通过安全法规适用性辨识明确企业应满足的法规清单,对法规要求归纳汇总形成安全法规符合性定量评估指标体系,并以体系为依据对企业落实安全法规的程度进行科学评估、做好符合性保持.以某专业测井公司为例,构建了符合其生产经营特点的安全法规符合性评估体系,开发了基于B/S构架的辅助评估软件,并已应用于企业日常安全管理.结果表明:通过对安全法规要求分类归纳汇总形成的符合性评估指标体系,可有效评估企业安全法规落实程度,提高企业安全法规符合性评估效率.     

基于因果模糊聚类法预测覆岩裂隙带高度研究

为了研究不同采高、煤层倾角、岩石抗压强度、岩层结构、采空区斜长、埋深等因素影响下采空区覆岩裂隙带高度发育规律,对收集的实测数据进行因果模糊聚类分类、分析,对各个类别,代入裂隙带高度接近均值的实测数据运算,获得各个因素对裂隙带高度影响合适的权重,进而建立对应的特征模糊集,并构造对应的三角模糊数,最终建立模糊预测模型。通过案例分析对模糊预测模型进行了验证,结果表明其误差范围为0.83-2.70m,满足工程应用的精度需求。