Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

外生菌根对欧洲赤松苗(Pinussylvestris)Cu、Zn积累和分配的影响

通过测定２种不同施锌和施铜水平下苗木和离体菌丝中铜锌含量研究了接种外生菌根（Ｓｕｉｌｌｕｓｂｏｖｉｎｕｓ）对欧洲赤松（Ｐｉ－ｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓ）苗生长和微量元素积累和分配的影响． 结果表明菌丝的侵染增加了苗木生长同时也增加了植物体内重金属的含量．然而菌根植物中的重金属大部分分布在根部在铜处理中菌根植物地下部分的铜含量是无菌根植物的２．６倍在锌处理中锌是无菌根植物的１．３ 倍． 说明菌丝侵染使植物将过量的重金属滞留在根部从而增加了植物对过量重金属的抗性．通过进一步测定培养在过量重金属中的离体菌丝的重金属含量结果显示随着外界重金属浓度的增加菌丝分泌物内重金属含量比菌丝内重金属含量增加快说明滞留在根部的重金属可能并没有进入根系而是以某种形态滞留在菌丝分泌物和菌丝内．     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

Relation of lead adsorption on birnessites with different average oxidation states of manganese and release of Mn^2＋/H^＋/K^＋

The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio...     

地表水质自动监测系统建设及运行管理研究

文章重点介绍了地表水水质自动监测系统的建设、运行、管理及应用,提出了标准化、智能化、实用性、统一性、可升级和可扩展性相结合的系统建设原则,从加强运营维护、完善监管机制、加强质量管理、严格绩效考核、科学审核数据五方面探讨了系统运行管理模式,强调自动监测数据在环境管理工作中的重要应用.文章最后对物联网、云计算和大数据技术在推动水质自动监测系统发展方面进行了展望.     

气溶胶中正构烷烃单体化合物稳定碳同位素分布特征初步研究

不同来源的气溶胶中正构烷烃稳定碳同位素的分布特征有比较明显的区别,以低陆生植物为主的高原清洁区,其气溶胶中正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ较轻,随碳数的增加,δ＾１３Ｃ较平平缓的曲线,以高等植物为主的海滨清洁区,正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ分布亦为较平缓的英线,但δ＾１３Ｃ较前者稍重,为－２８‰－－２７‰;人为污染严重的城市区,气溶胶正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ为－２９‰－－２５‰,且随碳数的增加有较大的变化。     

扬子地块西北缘、西南缘超大型卡林型金矿床的找矿方向

根据扬子地块西北缘、西南缘卡林型金矿床的地质、地球化学特征 ,可以将它们划分为三种矿床地球化学类型 :Au -As-(Sb)型、Au -Hg -(Tl或U)型和Au -Sb -黄铁矿型金矿床。Au -As-(Sb)型金矿床可以成为超大型金矿床。Au -As-(Sb)型金矿床的含矿建造富含有机质、沉积成因的黄铁矿和Au、As、Sb、Fe、S等。它们属于还原环境形成的黑色沉积岩系。其构造背景是被动大陆边缘的裂谷带和裂陷沉降盆地。Au -As-(Sb)型金矿床含矿建造的干酪根是Ⅱ型干酪根 ,其原始有机母质是还原环境中形成的海相菌藻类生物演化成的腐泥型有机质。大型或超大型金矿的干酪根的元素组成显示 ,含矿流体的脱碳作用和内生氧化作用在成矿过程中具重要意义。     

化学解耦联剂对活性污泥工艺中污泥产率的影响

采用3,3′,4′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解耦联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,连续曝气分批培养实验结果表明,TCS在浓度高于1.0mg/L时是一种有效的化学解耦联剂,能显著地降低污泥产率.当TCS浓度为6.0mg/L时,污泥产率可降低约50%.在40d的运行期间,隔天分别在3个反应器中添加TCS 2.0、2.8和3.6mg/L,基质的去除能力和出水氨氮及总氮浓度均未受影响,污泥的SOUR值和脱氢酶活性相应增加,污泥的沉降性能也未见有明显影响.镜检发现,对照反应器中的污泥经40d运行后仍有丝状菌存在,而添加解耦联剂反应器中的污泥几乎无丝状菌的存在.以上结果表明,可以应用TCS来降低活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥产量.     

Numerical model to quantify biogenic volatile organic compound emissions: The Pearl River Delta region as a case study

This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that, more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region.     

废弃电子塑料在超临界异丙醇中的液化特性

研究了废弃含溴化阻燃剂的电子塑料在超临界异丙醇中的液化特性.研究结果表明塑料在超临界异丙醇中发生了解聚,产生油、气以及固体残渣,塑料中的溴化阻燃剂发生了脱溴降解.反应时间、固/液比、溶剂填充度对塑料解聚及阻燃剂脱溴降解影响较大,在最佳工艺条件(温度:400℃,反应时间:60min,固/液比:1/10,溶剂填充度:50%)下获得60%的产油率及95.3%的脱溴率.油以苯系物及酚类物质为主要组成物质,其热值为37.5MJ/kg.超临界异丙醇处理含溴化阻燃剂塑料主要包括溴化阻燃剂的萃取、脱溴降解和塑料高温解聚等过程.