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131.
Linsheng Yang Peter J. Peterson W. Peter Williams Wuyi Wang Shaofan Hou Jian’an Tan 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(4):293-303
Associations between the concentration of arsenic naturally occurring in drinking water and the development of skin lesions in people have been documented for some years at various locations around the world. Data on the exposure-response relationship between concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of skin lesions in farmers from five locations in Inner Mongolia, China have been collected from the original publications and re-analysed together as a meta-study. The calculated data show a positive linear exposure-response relationship without a threshold. The reasons for this linear correlation are discussed and compared with the data from Xinjiang, another arsenism area located in a different geographical area of China. Here a different relationship was recorded that involved a threshold concentration before skin lesions developed. The significance of these two different exposure-response scenarios is discussed. 相似文献
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城市公共安全规划理论与方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了进行城市公共安全规划研究的意义和理论基础,并对了城市公共安全规划的方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
134.
A Study of Plant Species Extinction in Singapore: Lessons for the Conservation of Tropical Biodiversity 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
I.M. Turner H.T.W. Tan Y.C. Wee Ali Bin Ibrahim P.T. Chew R.T. Corlett 《Conservation biology》1994,8(3):705-712
The native vascular plant flora of the Republic of Singapore has suffered the extinction of 594 out of a total 2277 species. These represent local, not global, species extinctions. Coastal habitats, including mangroves, have lost 39% of their species, while inland forests have last 29%. Epiphytic species (62% loss) appear particularly prone to extinction, which is reflected in a similar disposition exhibited by the Orchidaceae. Deforestation and disturbance have been the main cause of plant species extinction in Singapore. The rich mangrove epiphyte flora has been totally exterminated, and a number of tree species are reduced to populations of a few mature individuals. Many more species continue to survive than the species-area relationship would predict given the 99.8% loss of primary forest. This is interpreted as a result of the failure of equilibrium to be achieved yet in the remnant forest fragments, even after more than a century of isolation. Singapore's secondary forests appear to accrete plant diversity very slowly, even if contiguous with primary forest areas. We conclude that remnant fragments of primary tropical forest, even of very small size, can play a major role in the conservation of tropical biodiversity. The patterns of extinction observed in Singapore indicate that coastal and estuarine sites are in greatest demand for development and therefore must be given high priority for conservation despite their somewhat lower biodiversity. Epiphyte and orchid diversity appear to be very good indicators of the degree of disturbance suffered by a habitat in the humid tropics. 相似文献
135.
天津市土壤风沙尘元素的分布特征和来源研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过与土壤标准和背景值的比较分析了天津市土壤风沙尘元素的质量分数分布特征,通过富集因子法分析了天津市风沙尘元素的富集特征,进而说明天津市风沙尘元素的来源及其变化。结果表明,(1)Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和As质量分数均有超过土壤标准的现象。(2)Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ag超过背景值10倍以上,受到了人为污染。(3)粗颗粒中西青区的Pb元素,津南区的Ni元素和Pb元素以及细颗粒中东丽区的Ca元素和Zn元素,西青区的Cu、Pb,津南区的Cr、Ni、Pb等元素达到显著污染级别;各区粗细颗粒中的Ag元素污染级别最高,有的为极强烈污染;这些元素是典型的人为污染元素。(4)粗颗粒中只有Ca和Ni污染级别有所增加,细颗粒中只有Na、Ni、As等3种元素的富集因子略有增加。所以,天津市土壤风沙尘的治理重在控制人为来源的Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Cr和Ca等高污染元素。 相似文献
136.
以腐殖酸作为消毒副产物前驱物的代表,研究了γ-辐照对其去除效果.结果表明,γ-辐照对水中腐殖酸具有较好的去除作用.腐殖酸初始浓度为10mg·l-1时,在1.0kGy的辐照剂量下,腐殖酸去除率为88.6%,总有机碳减少62.8%,色度去除率为76%.随着辐照剂量的增加,氧化还原电位先增大后减小,而电导率则相反.在相同的辐照剂量下,初始浓度较低的腐殖酸去除率较高.碳酸盐对辐照去除腐殖酸具有抑制作用,中性条件有利于γ-辐照对腐殖酸的去除.辐照去除腐殖酸的过程可用一级动力学描述. 相似文献
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139.
I. K. P. Tan E. S. Stuart R. W. Lenz R. C. Fuller 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1998,6(2):67-71
It is well known that Pseudomonas oleovorans can utilize sodium octanoate for both cell growth and the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), but it can utilize sodium butyrate only for limited cell growth and not for the polyester formation when this substrate is the sole carbon source. Therefore, these two substrates were evaluated as cofeeds for the possible incorporation of 3-hydroxybutyryl groups in the resulting PHA. When sodium butyrate and sodium octanoate were fed to P. oleovorans as cosubstrates in various proportions, the resultant cell density and polymer content were proportional to the amount of sodium octanoate in the feed. The PHA extracted from cells grown in all combinations of these cosubstrates had similar unit compositions of approximately 8 mole % 3-hydroxyhexanoate, 91 mole % 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 1 mole % 3-hydroxydecanoate. 3-Hydroxybutyrate units were not detected in any of the PHAs isolated, indicating that these units could not be incorporated in the copolymer synthesized by P. oleovorans either because the cell did not synthesize that monomer or, if it did, the PHA synthase could not copolymerize it with the longer chain monomers. 相似文献
140.