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11.
Aziz Khan Daniel Kean Yuen Tan Muhammad Zahir Afridi Honghai Luo Shahbaz Atta Tung Mir Ajab Shah Fahad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14551-14566
This review outlines nitrogen (N) responses in crop production and potential management decisions to ameliorate abiotic stresses for better crop production. N is a primary constituent of the nucleotides and proteins that are essential for life. Production and application of N fertilizers consume huge amounts of energy, and excess is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, increasing plant N use efficiency (NUE) is important for the development of sustainable agriculture. NUE has a key role in crop yield and can be enhanced by controlling loss of fertilizers by application of humic acid and natural polymers (hydrogels), having high water-holding capacity which can improve plant performance under field conditions. Abiotic stresses such as waterlogging, drought, heat, and salinity are the major limitations for successful crop production. Therefore, integrated management approaches such as addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), the film antitranspirant (di-1-p-menthene and pinolene) nutrients, hydrogels, and phytohormones may provide novel approaches to improve plant tolerance against abiotic stress-induced damage. Moreover, for plant breeders and molecular biologists, it is a challenge to develop cotton cultivars that can tolerate plant abiotic stresses while having high potential NUE for the future. 相似文献
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Biodiesel produced by transesterification of waste animal oil is a promising green fuel in the future. ZnO-Al2O3 and ZnO/Zn2Al composition oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method and impregnation method, respectively. The above catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) and CO2 adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and show that the high activity for the catalyst is attributed to its high alkalinity. The reaction parameters were optimized and the results show that the transesterification ratio of waste animal oil can reach 98.7% with 10% ZnO/Zn2Al catalyst after 2 h. Moreover, 10%ZnO/Zn2Al compound oxides can be active for the successive cycles. The glycerol as a predominant by-product after transesterification is of high purity with high use value. 相似文献
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Chi Zhenxing Tan Songwen Tan Xu Zhong Lin Li Weiguo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14544-14550
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of heavy metals is a severer problem for the ecosystems in waters. The toxicity of Cd2+ on phycocyanin (PC) is studied in molecular... 相似文献
14.
Organochlorine pesticides in soil profiles from Tianjin, China 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Soil cores were collected from soils at five sites in Tianjin area for the determination of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs, including alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH and delta-HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDXs, including p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The levels and vertical distributions of HCHs and DDXs are studied. Results show that the application of pesticides in the past years was the major contributor of HCHs and DDXs accumulation in the sampling areas. Significant positive correlations were seen between the residual and application amounts of HCHs and DDXs. Wastewater irrigation did not bring a significant contribution of HCHs or DDXs into the soils. HCHs and DDXs concentrations peak at the surface and decline in soil profile with depth, while fluctuations were observed in the plow layers of some cultivated soils caused by frequent cultivation activities and batch irrigation. Positive correlations were observed between the contents of TOC and HCHs and DDTs. Although the amounts of HCHs application in all sampling sites are larger than DDXs, at surface and near surface layers of most sampling sites, the concentrations of summation operatorHCHs are lower than summation operatorDDXs. The composition of DDXs in the applied pesticides and sampled soils indicates that there is no recent DDT input at the sample areas. 相似文献
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Chapter three: methodology of exposure modeling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moschandreas DJ Watson J D'Abreton P Scire J Zhu T Klein W Saksena S 《Chemosphere》2002,49(9):923-946
In this chapter, the concept of exposure assessment and its evolution is introduced, and evaluated by critically appraising the pertinent literature as it applies to exposures to Particulate Matter (PM). Exposure measurement or estimation methodologies and models are reviewed. Three exposure/measurement methodologies are assessed. Estimation methods focus on source evaluation and attribution, sources include those outdoors and indoors as well as in occupational and in-transit environments. Fate and transport models and their inputs are addressed to estimate concentrations outdoors and indoors; source attribution techniques help focus on the contributing sources. Activity pattern techniques are also reviewed and their use in exposure models to estimate inhalation exposure to PM is presented. Deterministic, regression and other stochastic models of exposure to PM are reviewed and evaluated. Strengths, limitations, assumptions and affirmations of the use of exposure assessment as an integral component of risk assessment and risk management are discussed in the conclusions and discussions section of this work. 相似文献
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为克服湿法制备磁性生物炭颗粒时团聚严重、固液分离困难、热解前需消耗大量能源脱水干化的问题,本研究以市政污泥为原料,通过无溶剂法热解制备了磁性污泥基生物炭(MSBC-2),并利用SEM、FTIR、XPS、VMS和Raman等方法对产物的表面结构与特征进行了表征。基于序批实验,分析了pH、温度、背景离子强度、生物炭投加量对该吸附材料的Pb2+吸附性能的影响,并进行了吸附动力学、吸附等温线及吸附热力学研究。结果表明:MSBC-2的Pb2+去除率随pH及温度的升高而升高,pH>4后去除率基本不变,离子强度对Pb2+去除率基本无影响。MSBC-2对Pb2+的吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir模型,表明吸附过程的限速步骤为化学反应,吸附为单分子层吸附;MSBC-2的反应速率常数k2是未改性生物炭的4.1倍,25 ℃时最大理论吸附容量为113.36 mg·g−1,高于大多数湿法制备的磁性生物炭;该吸附过程非自发、吸热且熵增过程;MSBC-2对Pb2+的吸附机理主要包括表面络合、离子交换和物理吸附。 相似文献
20.
Khan Fahad Saleem Ahmed Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar Tan Yie Hua Karri Rama Rao Khalid Mohammad Walvekar Rashmi Abdullah Ezzat Chan Mazari Shaukat Ali Nizamuddin Sabzoi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43526-43541
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Substantial discharge of hazardous substances, especially dyes and heavy metal ions to the environment, has become a global concern due to... 相似文献