多轴差分吸收光谱仪对大气污染物SO2、NO2、O3的立体监测

多轴差分吸收光谱仪（MAX—DOAS）是用来监测大气中痕量气体成分的专用仪器,它能同时自动监测SO2、NO2和03三种污染气体,得到的垂直柱浓度对研究污染物的时空分布特点具有重要意义。分析了2011年5月下旬至2012年4月中旬期间MAX—DOAS在重庆市的测量数据,结果表明：夏季SO2的柱浓度高于其它季节,并在每个季节都出现了峰值：SO2与NO2之间浓度变化趋势相同,且最大小时浓度值都集中在上午;O3垂直柱浓度受气象条件和臭氧前体物的影响呈夏季高、秋冬低的季节性变化;通过多元回归建立了O3柱浓度与气象因素、前体物的关系式。     

Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to short-neck clam (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paphia undulata</Emphasis>) from sediment matrices in mudflat ecosystem of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The bioaccumulation and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized in sediment and Paphia undulata (short-neck clam) from six mudflat areas in the west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. The concentrations of total PAHs varied from 357.1 to 6257.1 and 179.9 ± 7.6 to 1657.5 ± 53.9 ng g ^?1 dry weight in sediment and short-neck clam samples, respectively. PAHs can be classified as moderate to very high level of pollution in sediments and moderate to high level of pollution in short-neck clams. The diagnostic ratios of individual PAHs and principal component analysis indicate both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with significant dominance of pyrogenic source. The first PAHs biota-sediment accumulation factors and relative biota-sediment accumulation factors data for short-neck clam were obtained in this study, indicating a preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PAHs. Evaluation of PAH levels in sediments and short-neck clams indicates that short-neck clam could be introduced as a good biomonitor in mudflats. The results also demonstrated that under environmental conditions, the sedimentary load of hydrocarbons appears to be one of the factors controlling their bioavailability to biota.     

开发小区交通噪声环境影响分析技术探讨

经济开发区小区的建设会给区域噪声环境带来与单项工程建设不同的和更大的影响，其中交通噪声是区域环境噪声的重点，文章探讨了开发小区交通运输噪声环境影响分析与车流量预测和噪声预测的几种技术方法。     

Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community in shortcut nitrification–denitrification process under antibiotic stresses

In this study, the performance of shortcut nitrification–denitrification (SCND) at different TC and SD stress conditions (0 μg/L, 1–97 days; 100 μg/L, 98–138 days; 500 μg/L, 139–175 days) was investigated. Higher level antibiotic stress (500 μg/L) led to the serious deterioration of nitrogen removal, and denitrification was more sensitive to antibiotic stress than nitrification. The dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community were revealed by quantitative real-time PCR and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Tet-genes (tetA, tetQ, tetW), sul-genes (sulI, sulII), and mobile genetic element (intI1) in activated sludge increased by 1.2?~?2.5 logs with long-term exposure of antibiotic stress, and sulI, tetA, tetQ, and tetW were significantly positively correlated with intI1. Long-term antibiotics stress caused the decrease of most denitrifiers, and five genera were identified as the potential host of ARGs. The key impact factors of SCND drove the dynamics of ARGs and microbial community. Except for sulII gene, DO and FA were significantly positively correlated with ARGs, while FNA, NAR, and NO₂^?-N showed opposite effects to ARGs. Overall, maintaining relative lower DO, higher FNA, NAR, and NO₂^?-N conditions are not only benefit to the stable operation of SCND, but may also conducive to the control of ARG dissemination. This study provides theoretical basis on the control of ARGs in the SCND process.

     

Distribution and chemical partitioning of heavy metals in marine near-shore sediment cores: a case study from the Xugou, Lianyungang, China

The concentrations and chemical partitioning of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb) in the marine near-shore sediment cores were investigated. Typically, the mean concentrations from Core B sediment samples were 98.6, 21.1, 47.0, 46.4, 107.6, and 31.9 mg kg^???1 for Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations were normalized to commonly used reference elements Al, Li, Sc, and total organic carbon. Based on Pearson coefficients, Li was found to be a good normalizer for Co (r?= 0.974), Cr (r?= 0.967), Ni (r?= 0.898), and Zn (r?= 0.929) in 80 sediment samples from three sampling sites. However, the correlation coefficients between Li and Cu, and Li and Pb were relatively low. Multivariate statistic approaches (Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of two main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in the sediments. Heavy metals in the enrichment sections were evaluated by a sequential extraction method for possible chemical forms in sediments. The results showed that the residual, Fe/Mn oxides and Organic/sulfide fractions were dominant geochemical phases in the enriched sections, indicating low bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments.     

景观影响评价技术

首先介绍了国内外景观影响评价的一些发展和意义,提出了景观影响评价的基本概念、步骤和方法针对景观影响评价的特点,介绍了透视图法、叠图法、制作模型法和计算机显像法4种景观影响预测的手段最后针对我国景观影响评价的现状提出了一些加强和改善的建议：从环境影响评价要求上突出景观影响评价的地位;加强景观影响评价技术方法的研究;注重景观影响评价专业人员的培训.     

甘肃大剧院室内设计及声学设计与施工

介绍甘肃省大剧场室内施工阶段修改扩建建筑大堂的进深满足大堂空间声场视觉要求、解决并优化了会议室的吸声要求及空间落差、增加了上下场门声闸、大堂吸声天花的重量、弥补了观众厅吸声面积过大的过失,调整乐池吸声材料面积。对大剧院设计元素简化统一突出文化内含,调整楼座坐位处轮廓造型避免声聚焦的形成。     

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Oxygenated fuels are known to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. In this study, 100% soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel fuel (B100) and a blend of 10% acetal denoted by A-diesel with diesel fuel were tested as oxygenated fuels. Particle size and number distributions from a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuels and base diesel fuel were measured using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Measurements were made at ten steady-state operational modes of various loads at two engine speeds. It was found that the geometric mean diameters of particles from SME and Adiesel were lower than that from base diesel fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, SME emitted more ultra-fine particles at rated speed while emitting less ultra-fine particles at maximum speed. Ultra-fine particle number concentrations of A-diesel were much higher than those of base diesel fuel at most test modes.     

高浓度油田压裂废水降低CODCr的预处理方法

针对高浓度油田压裂废水黏度高、浊度大、含油量高等特点,强化预处理工艺,降低CODCr值。文章通过实验证明了强氧化剂(Fenton试剂)与混凝剂PAC+PAM相结合的工艺可有效降低高浓度含油废水CODCr值,进而通过Fenton试剂与混凝剂的投药量、pH值等因素对高浓度油田压裂废水的影响进行分析,得出采用该化学预处理方法出水水质清澈,可直接进入生化处理系统进行后续处理。     

Variation of Microcystis and microcystins coupling nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Lake Erhai,a drinking-water source in Southwest Plateau,China

Lake Erhai is the second largest lake of Southwest China and an important drinking water source. The lake is currently defined as the preliminary stage of eutrophic states, but facing a serious threat with transfer into intensive eutrophication. The present study examined the dynamics of Microcystis blooms and toxic Microcystis in Lake Erhai during 2010, based on quantitative real-time PCR method using 16S rRNA gene specific for Microcystis and microcystin systhesis gene (mcy), and chemical analysis on microcystin (MC) concentrations. Total Microcystis cell abundance at 16 sampling sites were shown as an average of 1.7?×?10⁷ cells l^?1 (1.3?×?10²–3.8?×?10⁹ cells l^?1). Microcystin LR (MC-LR) and microcystin RR (MC-RR) were the main variants. The strong southwesterly winds, anticlockwise circular flows and geographical characteristics of lake and phytoplankton community succession impacted the distribution patterns of Chl a and MC in the lake. The concentration of Chl a and MC and abundances of total Microsytis and MC-producing Microsystis (MCM) were shown to be positively correlated with pH, DO and TP, negatively correlated with SD, NO₃-N, TN/Chl a and TN/TP, and not correlated with NH₄-N, TN, dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and water temperatures. When TN/TP decrease, Microcystis tended to dominate and MC concentrations tended to increase, suggesting that the “TN/TP rule” can be partially applied to explain the correlation between the cyanobacterial blooms and nutrients N and P only within a certain nutrient level. It is speculated that N and P nutrients and the associated genes (e.g., mcy) may jointly drive MC concentration and toxigenicity of Microcystis in Lake Erhai.