Distribution of C/N/P stoichiometry in suspended particulate matter and surface sediment in a bay under serious anthropogenic influence: Daya Bay,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The C/N/P stoichiometry of organic matter can provide useful information for better understanding of the effects of human activities on aquatic...     

China’s Grain for Green policy and farm dynamics: simulating household land-use responses

Analyzing the interaction between environmental policies and farmers’ responses to them is an important dimension to understand regional agro-ecosystem sustainability. We examine land-use outcomes of perhaps the largest government-planned rural reforestation program in the history of humankind, China’s “Grain for Green” (GFG) policy from 1999 to 2006. Specifically, we simulate household responses to the GFG policy in Western China’s Shaanxi Province, a region experiencing acute climate and land change-related environmental degradation. We develop a “farmer group decision-making model” to simulate the probability of land-use change. Elevation, slope, and farm household characteristics emerge as key factors influencing farmers’ land-use decisions and subsequent land-use patterns. Land reversion and abandonment in the study area have been significantly affected by the GFG program. Policy recommendations suggest potential avenues to enhance the effectiveness of the GFG program and to improve the efficient use of under-used farmland. Results may help inform the Chinese government as it crafts policy guiding a coupled rural migration and reforestation program of unprecedented scale.     

Air pollution “holiday effect” resulting from the Chinese New Year

Our study was an attempt to conduct a comprehensive and systematical examination of the holiday effect, defined as the difference in air pollutant concentrations between holiday and non-holiday periods. This holiday effect can be applied to other countries with similar national or cultural holidays. Hourly and daily surface measurements of six major air pollutants from thirteen air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration during the Chinese New Year (CNY) and non-Chinese New Year (NCNY) periods were used. We documented evidence of a “holiday effect”, where air pollutant concentrations were significantly different between holidays (CNY) and non-holidays (NCNY), in the Taipei metropolitan area over the past thirteen years (1994–2006).The concentrations of NO_x, CO, NMHC, SO₂ and PM₁₀ were lower in the CNY than in the NCNY period, while the variation in the concentration of O₃ was reversed, which was mainly due to the NO titration effect. Similar differences in these six air pollutants between the CNY and NCNY periods were also found in the diurnal cycle and in the interannual variation. For the diurnal cycle, a common traffic-related double-peak variation was observed in the NCNY period, but not in the CNY period. Impacts of dust storms were also observed, especially on SO₂ and PM₁₀ in the CNY period. In the 13-year period of 1994–2006, decreasing trends of NO_x and CO in the NCNY period implied a possible reduction of local emissions. Increasing trends of SO₂ and PM₁₀ in the CNY period, on the other hand, indicated a possible enhancement of long-range transport. These two mechanisms weakened the holiday effect.     

广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究──Ⅰ.土壤颗粒组成的特征

本文对广东坡地红壤颗粒组成的特征进行了初步研究、结果表明;广东坡地红壤较粗颗粒的矿物组成以轻矿物石英为主;粘粒的矿物组成一般以1：1高岭土为主;在粘粒的化学组成中,盐基淋失严重,铁铝氧化物聚积：颗粒大小分布主要受成土母质的影响。     

Experimental investigation into performance of integrated hotbox in 1-kW solid oxide fuel cell system

An experimental investigation is performed to evaluate the performance of an integrated hotbox in a 1-kW solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system fed by natural gas. The integrated hotbox comprises all the main balance of plant components of an SOFC system, i.e. afterburner, reformer, and heat exchanger, and it not only reduces the physical size of the system but also yields improved system efficiency. The experimental results show that under optimal operating conditions, the combined H₂ and CO content of the reformate gas is approximately 70%, while both anode and cathode in-gas temperatures are around approximately 750°C.     

应用大鼠全胚胎培养方法探讨偏钒酸铵的致畸作用及其机理

本文通过ＮＨ４ＶＯ３体外大鼠全胚胎培养致畸实验研究，发现ＮＨ４ＶＯ３对大鼠胚胎具有直接胚胎毒性和致畸性，且具有显的剂量一反应和时间一效应关系，其作用机理可能与卵黄囊的功能受到钒化物的损害有关。     

碱剂共凝——一元化净化电镀废水装置

在电镀综合废水中投加硫酸亚铁还原六价铬,再用氢氧化钠调节 pH 值到7.8—9,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物,再经过净化器的混凝、沉淀、过滤后,水质达到国家排放标准,并回用作镀前处理清洗用水。在含有多种重金属离子的污泥中投加硫酸亚铁后,经过蒸气加热,空气搅拌生成铁氧体,不致造成二次污染。     

大气颗粒物上多环芳烃的识别和源解析的进展

本文对当前大气颗粒物上ＰＡＨｓ的识别和源解析的定量及定性和半定量的方法进行了综述，定性及半定量方法简便易行，但误差大；化学质量平衡法结果较准确具体，但ＰＡＨｓ会发生化学反应而降解，并且没有各种燃烧源较完整的ＰＡＨｓ成份谱，这已成为ＣＭＢ广泛推行的障碍；多元统计方法不考虑ＰＡＨｓ的降解，但要求数据量大，国内外的科学工作者用不同的方法和手段，使ＰＡＨｓ来源的识别和源解析工作有了一定进展。     

重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制作用微量热研究

用微量热法测定了Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)等四种重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制的产热曲线,得到了黑根霉菌在不同条件下的生长速率常数k,抑制率I,半抑制浓度IC_(50)等参数。实验结果表明,抑制顺序为:Cd~(2+)>Hg~(2+)>Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+);半抑制浓度分别为:Cd~(2+)0.8μg·ml~(-1);Hg~(2+)1.7μg·ml~（-1）;Pb~（2+）48.0μg·ml~(-1);Cu~(2+)110.0μg·ml~(-1)。     

Impact of urban innovation on urban green development in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt: perspectives of scale and network

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding whether and how urban innovation offers a sound solution to the dilemma of urban green development is a crucial response to mitigate the...