近十年水中硫化物测定方法的进展

评述了１９８５～１９９６年间报道的水中硫化物方法概况，内容包括：水样的预处理方法，水样测定的分光光度法，电化学法，原子吸收光谱以及其他分析方法等。     

稻田环境与除草剂去草胺降解速率的关系

在稻田自然环境中,去草胺乳油和颗粒剂的残留半衰期,在田水中分别为1.65—2.84d和5.78—6.30d,在土壤中分别为2.67—5.33d和4.95—6.30d.经过水稻一个生育期,去草胺在糙米等样品中的最终残留量均降至可检水平以下.土壤微生物对去草胺的降解起着主导性的作用,在灭菌和不灭菌土壤中的残留半衰期分别为433d和18.50—29.40d.去草胶在涂土等四类不同属性的土壤中的渗漏性大小顺序,依次为涂土、小粉土、青紫泥和红壤.     

官厅水库富营养化的水生生态特征评价

对官厅水库进行浮游植物(种类分布、细胞数和生物量)、叶绿素α、水体初级生产力、底栖大型无脊椎动物的种类和密度分布以及水质的理化特性等进行了研究。结果表明,官厅水库某些指标达到或超过富营养化水平,西库的水质比东库明显恶化。官厅水库水质恶化主要受永定河水污染的影响。其次,大坝前网箱养鱼也是影响水质的因素之一。与1982年水质污染比较的结果表明,官厅水库水质富营养化的发展速度是惊人的。     

粤东一个类型独特的锡矿床

作者对西岭凤地山锡矿床的成矿地质条件,特别是火山构造、岩浆演化与成矿的关系进行了研究,认为:西岭锡矿是一个与火山侵出相碎斑熔岩时、空、成因关系密切的次火山热液脉状锡矿床。根据西岭锡矿的地质环境和成矿物理化学条件、矿质、水介质来源建立了理想的成矿模式。进而指出粤东斑岩锡矿的远景。西岭锡矿类型的确定,对粤东和赣南火山岩地区锡矿普查具有重要意义。     

空气冷凝除湿装置在环境监测领域中的应用和问题探讨

根据环境质量自动监测仪器设备的使用现状分析了设备运行中遇到的困难，解决方案以及不足之处，分别从大气环境质量，废气排放，污染源监测等方面提出了进一步完善和提高环境监测仪器设备及系统运行环境和数据质量优化措施，并探讨了空气冷凝除湿装置在环境保护监测领域应用的现实意义和推广价值，从而进一步提高监测数据的安全性，可靠性，提高质量控制工作的质量。     

基于GIS的黄土高原地区植被与气候关系研究

排序是植被与环境关系分析的重要手段。利用地理信息系统技术 (GIS)结合除趋势典范对应分析对黄土高原地区植被与气候关系进行了研究。结果清楚地反映了黄土高原地区植被与气候的地带性分布规律 ,证明GIS结合植被数量生态分析方法在黄土高原植被与环境关系的研究中是有效的     

生物技术在环境保护中的应用及前景

本文从废水、废气、固体废弃物处理及环境监测等几个方面介绍了生物技术在环境保护中的应用和研究进展 ,分析了生物处理工艺的特点及优越性 ,展望了生物技术未来的发展方向和前景     

Synergistic effects of liquid and gas phase discharges using pulsed high voltage for dyes degradation in the presence of oxygen

The technology of combined liquid and gas phase discharges (LGD) using pulsed high voltage for dyes degradation was developed in this study. Apparent synergistic effects for Acid orange II (AO) degradation in the presence of oxygen were observed. The enhancement of AO degradation rate was around 302%. Furthermore, higher energy efficiency was obtained comparing with individual liquid phase discharge (LD) or gas phase discharge process (GD). The AO degradation in the presence of oxygen by LGD proceeded through the direct ozone oxidation and the ozone decomposition induced by LD. Important operating parameters such as electrode distance, applied voltage, pulse repetition rate, and types of dyes were further investigated.     

Effects of advanced traffic signal status warning systems on vehicle emission reductions at signalized intersections

Signalized intersections have been identified as vehicle emission hotspots, where drivers decelerate, idle, and accelerate their vehicles in response to signal changes. Advanced traffic signal status warning systems (ATSSWSs) can be applied to reduce traffic emissions at intersections by mitigating unnecessary braking and acceleration. In this study, two types of ATSSWSs, variable message sign (VMS) based and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) based, were designed, and their environmental effectiveness was evaluated through driving simulator-based experiments. Three scenarios were designed and tested: (1) baseline without an ATSSWS, (2) with the VMS-based ATSSWS, and (3) with the V2I-based ATSSWS. The Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator model was used to evaluate and compare the environmental effectiveness of these two types of ATSSWSs. The results indicate that the proposed ATSSWSs can reduce traffic emissions at signalized intersections. In particular, the V2I-based ATSSWS can substantially reduce CO₂, NOx, CO, and HC emissions. The results will help transportation practitioners with implementing advanced driver information systems and decision making on emission reduction policies.

Implications: Signalized intersection has been identified as one of hottest spots for vehicle emissions where signal control causes vehicles to frequently decelerate, idle, and accelerate. Advanced Traffic Signal Status Warning Systems (ATSSWS) can be applied to reduce traffic emission at intersections by decreasing vehicles’ unnecessary brakes and accelerations. The results of this study will assist transportation practitioners in implementing advanced driver information systems and making decisions on emission reduction policies.     

Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an anaerobic-oxic system

Three dye solutions, namely, C.I. Acid Yellow 17, C.I. Basic Blue 3, and C.I. Basic Red 2, were treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a semi-continuous aerobic activated sludge tank. When hydraulic retention time was about 12 hours, no significant color removal was observed in the aerobic stage. In the anaerobic stage, Acid Yellow 17, Basic Blue 3, and Basic Red 2 were removed by 20%, 72%, and 78%, respectively. To treat wastewater from a dye manufacturing factory with COD concentration of 1200 mg/l and Color of 500 degree (dilution factor), an UASB reactor (4.5 liters) and an activated sludge tank (5 liters, adjustable), COD and color were removed by more than 83% and 90% at a COD loading rate of 5.3 kg COD/m³-day in the anaerobic stage, and at the hydraulic retention time of 6-10 hours for the anaerobic stage and 6.5 for the aerobic stage. The anaerobic stage of the A/O system removes both color and COD. In addition, it also improves biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment.