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911.
运用"化学沉淀法",将Ce O2负载到碳纳米管(CNTs)上制备复合光催化剂,采用"单因素实验法"优化了制备条件。运用透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对复合光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,负载到CNTs上的Ce O2为多晶面心立方结构,尺寸大小在6~10 nm之间,其在CNTs上分散效果好,负载均匀且负载率高。在溶液p H为5,CNTs-Ce O2用量为0.50g/L并光照2 h后,酸性橙Ⅱ的光脱色率和TOC去除率分别达到64.71%和44.25%;加入0.02 mmol/L H2O2后,CNTsCe O2/H2O2复合体系对酸性橙Ⅱ的光脱色率和TOC去除率分别提高至91.35%和82.40%。这预示着CNTs-Ce O2/H2O2复合光催化氧化体系在对水中偶氮染料的光催化处理方面具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
912.
针对石西油田各区块采出液水质成分复杂、自结垢趋势严重、水质不配伍等情况,开展采出水稳定性控制等问题的攻关研究,采用预催化—强化絮凝水处理技术思路,评价药剂体系,复配除硫型净水剂,消耗水中还原性物质,使采出水稳定性提高。并通过对采出水走向进行合理调配,实现了石南采出水100%有效回注,达到了采出水资源合理化利用的目的。 相似文献
913.
With the economic development and the acceleration of motorization in China, the number of private cars increases rapidly in urban areas. However, the limit of urban resources and the contradiction between traffic supply and demand are increasingly prominent in large cities, while private car consumption has been a new “light” in medium and small cities. Consumers’ behaviors differ from region to region. Aiming at the above problems, we formulate structural equation modeling and carry out empirical research. In this paper, a comparative study about the main influential factors that affect the consumption of private cars in large and small cities in China is made, and it is hoped that some guidance for policy recommendations can be obtained. 相似文献
914.
Anti-estrogenic activity in wastewater is gaining increased attention because of its endocrine-disrupting function. In this study, the level and removal efficiency by coagulation of anti-estrogenic activity in secondary effluents of domestic wastewater treatment plants were studied. Anti-estrogenic activity was detected in secondary effluent samples at a tamoxifen (TAM) equivalent concentration level of 0.38–0.94 mg-TAM L−1. Dissolved organic matters (DOM) with the molecular weight (MW) less than 3000 Da in hydrophobic acids (HOA) and hydrophobic neutrals (HON) fractions of the secondary effluent were the key fractions related to anti-estrogenic activity. Coagulation with FeCl3 and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) can remove the anti-estrogenic activity of the secondary effluents, but the removal efficiency was limited. The removal efficiency using FeCl3 coagulant was higher than that induced by PAC. Dissolved organic carbon was continuously removed with increased coagulant dose (0–120 mg L−1 FeCl3 or 0–60 mg L−1 PAC). However, the removal of anti-estrogenic activity was not enhanced further when the coagulant concentration was beyond a critical value (30 mg L−1 FeCl3 or 10 mg L−1 PAC). The highest removal of anti-estrogenic activity was about 36% by FeCl3 and 20% by PAC. Size exclusion chromatography results indicated difficulty in removing DOM with MW less than 3000 Da in the secondary effluent during coagulation even at a high coagulant concentration, which led to low removal efficiency of anti-estrogenic activity. 相似文献
915.
Food utilization and growth of the 5th and 6th instar Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae, and its effect on reproduction potential was evaluated by feeding larvae diets with different doses of Ni for 3 generations. Dose-dependent relationships between Ni levels and food consumption and growth were variable with different larval developmental period and Ni exposure duration. RCR, AD and RGR of the 6th instar larvae were much more affected by Ni exposure than those of 5th instar larvae, and the effects were strongest in the 3rd generation. It was found that RCR was significantly stimulated after 1 and 20 mg kg−1 Ni exposure, while AD was significantly inhibited after 1, 5, 10 and 40 mg kg−1 Ni exposure. However, lower levels of Ni (?5 mg kg−1) significantly increased and higher levels of Ni (?10 mg kg−1) significantly decreased RGR. In 3 successive generations, 10 mg kg−1 Ni significantly increased the ECI and ECD of the 5th instar larvae, and 5 mg kg−1 Ni significantly increased the ECD of the 6th instar larvae. However, ECD were all significantly inhibited with 20 mg kg−1 Ni exposure. Results also revealed that durations of larvae were shortened at low levels of Ni, but extended at high levels of Ni. Fecundity was inhibited by the highest Ni doses in each generation, while improved by low Ni doses in the 3rd generation. Hatching rates in all treatments were significantly decreased in a Ni dose-dependent manner. Study indicated that effects of Ni on these parameters were predominant with the increasing Ni exposure period. 相似文献
916.
An innovative haloacetic acid (HAA) removal process was developed. The process consisted of a zero-valent iron (Fe0) column followed by a biologically active carbon (BAC) column that were efficient in degrading tri- and di-HAAs, and mono- and di-HAAs, respectively. The merit of the process was demonstrated by its performance in removing trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). An empty bed contact time of 10 min achieved nearly complete removal of 1.2 μM TCAA and its subsequent products, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA). HAA removal was a result of chemical dehalogenation and biodegradation rather than physical adsorption. Preliminary kinetic analyses were conducted and the pseudo-first-order rate constants were estimated at ambient conditions for Fe0 reduction of TCAA and biodegradation of DCAA and MCAA by BAC. This innovative process is highly promising in removing HAAs from drinking water, swimming pool water, and domestic or industrial wastewater. 相似文献
917.
918.
Assessment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xianfang Zhu Hongbing Ji Yan Chen Mingming Qiao Lei Tang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):6049-6062
Heavy metals concentrations in surface sediments from Miyun Reservoir were determined to evaluate the pollution and identify the sources. The average content of metals in sediments from Miyun Reservoir followed the order Al>Fe>Ti>Mn>V>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, and the most mean values were lower than the globe average shale. Heavy metals concentrations at the inflow area of Baihe were higher than those at the inflow area of Chaohe. Heavy metals pollution assessment was carried out by factor enrichment (EF), geoaccumulation index (I geo), and potential ecological risk (RI). The EF values for all heavy metals except Hg, Cd, and Cr at several sites were lower than 3, suggesting low anthropogenic impact on the metals level. The I geo values of Pb indicated that half of the sites were unpolluted to moderately polluted and mainly located in the Baihe area of the reservoir. The RI showed that heavy metals of Miyun Reservoir were low potential risk, however, Hg approached or belonged to moderate ecological risk at sites of M5, M7, and M13. Correlation analysis and principal component suggested that Ni, Cu, V, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ti, and Pb were derived from soil erosion in upper reaches of the reservoir, while Fe, Cd, Hg, As, and partial Pb originated from anthropogenic sources, particularly industrial mining and gold tailings. 相似文献
919.
在中国科学院红壤生态实验站的猕猴桃园上进行秸秆覆盖改进方法的试验.结果表明,旱地红壤覆盖秸秆后再覆±5-10cm,与原来单纯覆盖秸秆相比,在干旱季节表层土壤水分含量可增加1.5%,凋萎含水量出现几率减少8%,抗旱效果大大增强,是一种值得推广的防旱措施.另外,与对照相比,深翻0.8m对改善土壤水分状况也有明显效果.不同覆盖物的试验结果表明,覆盖草本植物残体,在改善表层土壤水分状况、提高作物产量上的效果优于覆盖秸秆植物残体,建议在应用诸如玉米等稿秆作物的秸秆进行覆盖时应进行切碎处理并适当配施无机肥料. 相似文献
920.
为探究污水处理厂生物气溶胶抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染特征,在济南市某污水处理厂采用宏基因组测序技术对厂界内及周边生物气溶胶样本及污水或污泥样本进行分析.结果表明,相比于上风向,厂界内和下风向生物气溶胶具有更多的ARGs亚型种类数和更高的总相对丰度.厂界内与上风向生物气溶胶ARGs组成存在显著的差异性,差异度为47.57%;而厂界内与下风向生物气溶胶ARGs组成的差异性不显著,且差异度下降至33.98%.上风向背景空气和污水或污泥均是厂界内生物气溶胶ARGs的重要来源,两者总的源的贡献大于63.92%.共检测到43种ARGs亚型(8种ARGs主型)在至少一处污水处理单元极易负载于生物气溶胶颗粒逸出.本研究可为污水处理厂生物气溶胶抗生素抗性污染的风险评估和控制提供理论依据. 相似文献