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921.
Temporal trends of hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary and the northern South China Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peng X Wang Z Yu Y Tang C Lu H Xu S Chen F Mai B Chen S Li K Yang C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):442-448
Concentrations and fluxes of unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons (UCM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for two 210Pb dated sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS). Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were also measured for identification of the hydrocarbon sources. The historical records of PAHs in the NSCS reflected the economic development in the Pearl River Delta during the 20th century. PAHs in the NSCS predominantly derive from combustion of coal and biomass, whereas PAHs in the PRE are a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic in origins. The isotopic profiles reveal that the petrogenic hydrocarbons in the PRE originate predominantly from local spillage/leakage of lube oil and crude oils. The accumulation rates of pyrogenic PAHs have significantly increased, whereas UCM accumulation has slightly declined in the NSCS in the recent three decades. 相似文献
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926.
Xiaolong Li Congcong Ding Jiali Liao Liang Du Qun Sun Jijun Yang Yuanyou Yang Dong Zhang Jun Tang Ning Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(3):162-171
The biosorption mechanisms of uranium on an aerobic bacterial strain Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3, isolated from a potential disposal site for (ultra-)low uraniferous radioactive waste in Southwest China, were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry (EPBS). Approximately 60% of total uranium at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L uranium nitrate solution could be absorbed on 100 mg S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 with an adsorption capacity of more than 3.0 mg/g (wet weight) after 12 hr at room temperature at pH 3.0. The dynamic biosorption process of S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 for uranyl ions was well described by a pseudo second-order model. S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 could accumulate uranium on cell walls and within the cell, as revealed by SEM and TEM analysis as well as EDX spectra. XPS and FT-IR analysis further suggested that the absorbed uranium was bound to amino, phosphate and carboxyl groups of the cells. Additionally, PIXE and EPBS results confirmed that ion exchange also contributed to the adsorption process of uranium. 相似文献
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928.
利用微量酸碱滴定方法测定日本关东地区冬季高浓度飘尘的酸度,估算了飘尘对酸性降水的缓冲能力,并对飘尘水溶性离子组成进行了分析。结果发现:该地区飘尘的酸性很强,H+浓度在24neq/m3以上,是我国北方城市飘尘的几千倍,这表示该地区大气环境已严重酸化,可能是该地区酸雨形成的主要原因;飘尘的水溶性离子组成与我国飘尘截然不同,飘尘中cl-浓度很高,SO42-、NO3-的浓度也较高,说明飘尘主要来自人为源,NH4+浓度则占全部阳离子80%以上,飘尘的这种组成也是非常特殊的。 相似文献
929.
矿业废弃地对环境的扰动及其有效化解的对策选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为矿产资源开发活动的直接结果之一,矿业废弃地对环境的压力与污染在相当程度上与矿产资源开发利用的方式及环境直接相关。依据矿业废弃地污染环境的性质与特点,具体治理过程中,将基于生态恢复与生物技术利用以及正式与非正式的制度约束方面的对策措施结合起来,具有相当的必要性与合理性。 相似文献
930.
The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L. to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated. Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation. Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment. In addition, the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B. Two new bands (POX V and POX Ⅶ) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages. CAT Ⅲ activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT Ⅲ and CAT Ⅳ disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv. Two bands of APX (APX Ⅵ and APX Ⅶ)were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure. H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS)increased under Muv and Huv treatments. Overall, UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C officinalis. 相似文献