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Lim KJ Engel BA Tang Z Muthukrishnan S Choi J Kim K 《Journal of environmental management》2006,78(1):35-43
Urbanization can result in alteration of a watershed's hydrologic response and water quality. To simulate hydrologic and water quality impacts of land use changes, the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) system has been used. The L-THIA system estimates pollutant loading based on direct runoff quantity and land use based pollutant coefficients. The accurate estimation of direct runoff is important in assessing water quality impacts of land use changes. An automated program was developed to calibrate the L-THIA model using the millions of curve number (CN) combinations associated with land uses and hydrologic soil groups. L-THIA calibration for the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed near Indianapolis, Indiana was performed using land use data for 1991 and daily rainfall data for six months of 1991 (January 1-June 30) to minimize errors associated with use of different temporal land use data and rainfall data. For the calibration period, the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.60 for estimated and observed direct runoff. The calibrated CN values were used for validation of the model for the same year (July 1-December 31), and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.60 for estimated and observed direct runoff. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.52 for January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1991 using uncalibrated CN values. As shown in this study, the use of better input parameters for the L-THIA model can improve accuracy. The effects on direct runoff and pollutant estimation of the calibrated CN values in the L-THIA model were investigated for the LEC. Following calibration, the estimated average annual direct runoff for the LEC watershed increased by 34%, total nitrogen by 24%, total phosphorus by 22%, and total lead by 43%. This study demonstrates that the L-THIA model should be calibrated and validated prior to application in a particular watershed to more accurately assess the effects of land use changes on hydrology and water quality. 相似文献
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用微孔填充理论研究活性炭对有机气体的吸附性能 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
用微孔填充理论研究了活性炭C40/4对丙酮、甲苯、二氯甲烷有机气体的吸附性能,测试了该活性炭对3种有机气体在不同温度下(288.15,293.15,298.15K)的吸附结果。用D—R方程处理了实验数据,建立了3种有机气体在活性炭C40/4上的等温吸附模型,并将实验测试值与理论预测值进行了比较。实验结果表明:微孔填充理论及D—R方程可很好地描述活性炭C40/4对有机气体的吸附性能,理论预测值与实验测试值的平均相对误差小于3%;有机气体分压较高时,由于发生毛细凝聚,理论预测值较实验测试值偏低。 相似文献
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重庆境内河流属长江水系,以长江,嘉陵江,涪江等河流为骨干和主体,水域面积8.25万ha,占水域总面积的76.4%,船体网箱养鱼是近年来在该地区兴起并迅速发展的鱼类集约化养殖方式。本文根据船体网箱养鲤试验结果和有关资料,分析了重庆境内江河水温,含氧量,流速,含沙量,浮渣,工业污染特点及对船体网箱养鱼的影响,拟合了养殖舱内,外流速关系及含沙量与透明度关系,并就船体网箱养鱼的进一步发展提出了措施。 相似文献
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Biochar increased water holding capacity but accelerated organic carbon leaching from a sloping farmland soil in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Chaosheng Zhang Ya Tang Lin Luo Weilin Xu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3083-3090
Outliers in urban soil geochemical databases may imply potential contaminated land. Different methodologies which can be easily implemented for the identification of global and spatial outliers were applied for Pb concentrations in urban soils of Galway City in Ireland. Due to its strongly skewed probability feature, a Box–Cox transformation was performed prior to further analyses. The graphic methods of histogram and box-and-whisker plot were effective in identification of global outliers at the original scale of the dataset. Spatial outliers could be identified by a local indicator of spatial association of local Moran's I, cross-validation of kriging, and a geographically weighted regression. The spatial locations of outliers were visualised using a geographical information system. Different methods showed generally consistent results, but differences existed. It is suggested that outliers identified by statistical methods should be confirmed and justified using scientific knowledge before they are properly dealt with. 相似文献