大气气溶胶与降水相互影响的探讨

本文从大气气溶胶的物理和化学特性及其缓冲能力探讨了气溶胶和降水的相互影响,初步弄清了气溶胶与降水的相互关系。通过气溶胶缓冲能力的分析,认识到降水冲刷气溶胶时,气溶胶在酸性降水中所起的作用,从一个侧面初步确认了气溶胶在酸雨形成过程中的作用。      

二维多箱模型预测大气环境方法的研究

采用二维多箱模型对石家庄市区大气污染物ＳＯ２进行了计算,分别计算了４个风向的各子箱污染物浓度,然后按其风向频率加权取和得到平均浓度。把计算结果与地面监测值和１９９４－０１中国环境科学研究院的高空航测值进行了比较分析后发现。多箱模型预测大气环境比单箱模型和其它预测方法产生的误差要小。     

海水中二甲基硫含量与海洋环境因子间关系的研究

以青岛尚岸海水为典型水域,设８个采样点于１９９６－０３、１９９６－０５和１９９６－１０进行了３次ＤＭＳ与海洋环境因子的监测,研究青岛尚岸海水海洋因子的特点及海水中ＤＭＳ浓度与浮游物种和海洋环境因子的关系,结果表明,海洋浮游植物生成ＤＭＳ的生物机理较为复杂,青岛沿岸海水中ＤＭＳ含量与叶绿素α２及海洋环境因子无明确的相关关系,浮游植物和海洋环境因子复杂的时空变化为研究海洋排放ＤＭＳ带来了很大的不确定性     

改装 Model 42S 化学发光氮氧化物仪测定大气中NO-NOx-NOy

将美国Ｍｏｄｅｌ４２Ｓ化学发光ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ测定仪改装为ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ同机测量．使用ＮＨ４ＮＯ３标定了不锈钢ＮＯｙ转化器．在６６０±１０℃,不锈钢转化器对ＨＮＯ３和ＮＨ３的转化效率分别为１００％和８０％—９０％．在该温度下,没有发现Ｎ２Ｏ被不锈钢转化器转化为ＮＯ．改装后仪器的分辨率、检测限、响应速率和线性度均未改变．根据对ＨＮＯ３的研究结果,该仪器的ＮＯｙ转化器带来的测量误差不大于５％．使用改装后的仪器连续测定了大气中的ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ,得到可靠、合理的数据     

胭脂红褪色光度法测定电镀废水中的镍

pH值为 5 4的六次甲基四胺 盐酸缓冲溶液 ,1 0 0℃恒温水浴中 ,Ni2 + 能催化H2 O2 氧化胭脂红褪色 ,研究了此反应的适宜条件和影响因素 ,建立了催化褪色光度法测定Ni2 + 的新方法。研究发现 ,溶液的最大吸收波长均在 5 1 8nm处。Ni2 + 的浓度在 0～ 1 0 4 μg mL范围内符合比耳定律 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1 4 96× 1 0 5L mol·cm。操作简便 ,仪器简单 ,准确度较高     

多氯联苯焚烧处置时烟灰中的二噁瑛

专门用于销毁含多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）固体废弃物的中试焚烧炉,焚烧排放物中含有微量剧毒二（ＰＣＤＤ／ＦＳ）．应用同位素稀释ＨＲＧＣ／ＨＲＭＳ方法测定了烟灰中的ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ含量,以１７种有毒同族体的含量可计算出样品的２,３,７,８－ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量为４７．２ｎｇ／ｇ。     

Identifying stream temperature variation by coupling meteorological,hydrological, and water temperature models

In this study, we demonstrate a physically based semi-Lagrangian water temperature model known as the River Basin Model (RBM) coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model and Weather Research & Forecasting Model in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). The results of this coupling compare favorably with observed water temperature data available from six river gages located in the MRB. Further sensitivity analysis indicates that the mean water temperatures may increase by 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8°C in northern, central, and southern MRB zones under a hypothetical uniform air temperature increase of 3.0°C. If air temperatures increase uniformly by 6.0°C in this scenario, then water temperatures are projected to increase by 3.3, 3.5, and 4.0°C. Lastly, downscaled air temperatures from a global climate model are used to drive the coupled VIC and RBM model from 2020 to 2099. Average stream temperatures from 2020 to 2099 increase by 1.0 to 8.0°C above 1950 to 2010 average water temperatures, with non-uniform increases along the river. In some portions of the MRB, stream temperatures could increase above survival thresholds for several native fish species, which are critical components of the stream ecosystem. In addition, increased water temperatures interact with nutrient loadings from sources throughout the MRB, which is expected to exacerbate harmful algal blooms and dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.     

Characterization of modified Alternanthera philoxeroides by diethylenetriamine and its application in the adsorption of copper(II) ions in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - By a simple and convenient method of using epichlorohydrin as linkages, a novel Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) derivative modified with...     

Alleviation of atrazine toxicity to maize seedlings grown in soils with amendment of biochar derived from wheat under different temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effects of different biotransformation temperatures (250, 550, and 850 °C) and different dose (0–1%) of biochar on the physiological...     

长江中上游圆口铜鱼群体遗传结构研究

为科学地开展圆口铜鱼人工繁殖和增殖放流等保护工作,研究采用9个四碱基重复的圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）微卫星标记,对采自宜昌、三峡库区、宜宾、永善、巧家、攀枝花6个江段的199尾圆口铜鱼样本的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。依照采样点不同将圆口铜鱼分成6个群体,研究结果显示,9个微卫星标记均具有较高的多态性,各群体遗传多样性水平较高。AMOVA显示6个群体并未达到显著遗传分化水平。Structure分析将6个群体分为2组,三峡库区群体中部分个体与宜宾群体中部分个体为一组,其他为另一组。分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果与Structure分析结果间存在一定差异,可能原因在于AMOVA结果是将每个群体作为一个整体来显示的,而Structure分析结果是将每个群体按照个体数所占比例来显示的。因此,为避免遗传背景污染事件的发生,进行圆口铜鱼人工繁殖的遗传管理,分析比较放流群体和野生群体的遗传结构是必须的