环境承载力的本质及其定量化初步研究

环境承载力描述了环境系统对人类活动支持能力的阈值,是环境系统功能的外在表现,是包含时间、空间和经济行为等自变量的函数。通过环境承载力指标体系及其综合值的计算可以描述实际环境承载量和环境承载力的大小,通过环境承载率（环境承载量／环境承载力）的计算可反映环境承载力的超载状况或环境与经济的协调程度。并以实例对环境承载力进行分析。     

除草剂诱发蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的研究

研究了10种常用稻田除草剂对中华大蟾蜍（Bufobufogargarizans）蝌蚪红细胞微核的诱突变效应。蝌蚪在各除草剂试验液中染毒7d,采心脏血制片。结果表明,毒草胺、杀草丹等8种除草剂能诱发蝌蚪红细胞的微核细胞率显著增高,最高达11.5‰（毒草胺、0.5mg/L）,与对照组（4.2‰）比较,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,其中酰胺类,氨基甲酸酯类诱突变效应最强,其0.8mg/L浓度组平均微核细胞率分别为8.2‰和6.5‰。研究中还发现,在一定范围内微核细胞率与除草剂浓度呈正相关,使用浓度下杀草丹等6种除草剂具有明显诱突变效应。     

颗粒物悬浮体系中聚合铝凝聚絮凝形态表征 (Ⅰ):Al-Feron法的应用研究

应用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ法于悬浮体系中聚合铝的形态分布表征,对其中的主要影响因素进行探讨,就不同碱化度聚合铝的形态分析进行实例研究。结果表明,混合方式对Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ法的应用具有一定的影响作用。比色管混合测得Ａｌａ为２１．５４％,低于磁力搅拌方式结果（２４．５２％,２５．２２％,２５．０６％）。应用磁力搅拌方式可以获取较好的重复性与更多初期反应信息。颗粒物的存在对反应的影响主要取决于其浓度与粒度     

珠海市坡地开垦引发的水土流失及其防治措施

珠海市被地开垦侵蚀的面积为756．82hm2,主要分布于西区斗门县的乾务、五山、斗门等镇,以及平沙区、三灶区等地海拔10～50m、坡度大于10的丘陵台地;侵蚀强度以中度侵蚀为主．平均侵蚀模数2380t／（km2·a）。造成坡地开垦侵蚀的主要原因是开垦利用过程中水土保持措施没有跟上,选择的坡地坡度过大,本文针对珠海市坡地开垦侵蚀的特点,建议采用等高绿篱耕作、山边沟技术、复合农村技术等几项坡地水土保持措施。     

气浮净水技术研究及进展

本文系统总结了目前气浮净水技术的研究现状,着重阐述了溶气气浮机理及气浮池的设计、影响气浮效果的因素、气浮技术的评价及应用现状,同时对有关溶气气浮技术的模型及新概念,以及溶气气浮技术的发展方向进行了论述。     

饮食业复合油烟吸收剂的研制开发

分析了饮食油烟的成分 ,结合饮食油烟气的治理方法 ,采用正交设计法进行新型复合油烟吸收剂的实验 ,快速、有效、准确地优化确定了油烟吸收剂的配方和工艺 ,并设计了该吸收剂的油污相溶性、环境毒性、生物降解性实验 ,科学地论证了该产品的性能。结果表明 ,本实验研制的油烟吸收剂能够全面包络、粘合、皂化、附着和分离油烟废气中的油类物质 ,对饮食油烟具有快速、高效、彻底的治理效果 ,而且无毒、易降解。     

有机生活垃圾微生物处理剂的研究

采用了多种培养基 ,对广泛收集的菌种、相关土样进行分离、筛选 ,得到了 8株有效微生物 ,其产生的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶等酶系可使大分子物质分解成低分子物质 ,微生物摄取这些低分子物质后 ,将其转变成二氧化碳、水和少量氨气并释放能量 ,剩余的少量固体残渣可作为生物肥料。采用以上 8种微生物制成的有机生活垃圾处理剂 ,如配合一定的处理工艺和设备 ,可对日常有机生活垃圾进行减量化和资源化处理。     

Coupled electrochemical methods for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Declining mineral resources, high fertilizer production cost and widespread eutrophication are calling for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewaters...     

Synthesis of branched allylic sulfones by regioselective boron-catalysed hydrosulfonylation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Branched allylic sulfones are scaffolds widely distributed in bioactive molecules and organic functional materials. The synthesis of allylic sulfones has been...     

Low-temperature caproate production,microbial diversity,and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

● Converting xylose to caproate under a low temperature of 20 °C by MCF was verified. ● Final concentration of caproate from xylose in a batch reactor reached 1.6 g/L. ● Changing the substrate to ethanol did not notably increase the caproate production. ● Four genera, including Bifidobacterium , were revealed as caproate producers. ● The FAB pathway and incomplete RBO pathway were revealed via metagenomic analysis. Mixed culture fermentation (MCF) is challenged by the unqualified activity of enriched bacteria and unwanted methane dissolution under low temperatures. In this work, caproate production from xylose was investigated by MCF at a low temperature (20 °C). The results showed that a 9 d long hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a continuously stirred tank reactor was necessary for caproate production (~0.3 g/L, equal to 0.6 g COD/L) from xylose (10 g/L). The caproate concentration in the batch mode was further increased to 1.6 g/L. However, changing the substrate to ethanol did not promote caproate production, resulting in ~1.0 g/L after 45 d of operation. Four genera, Bifidobacterium, Caproiciproducens, Actinomyces, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, were identified as the enriched caproate-producing bacteria. The enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway for caproate production were identified via metagenomic analysis. The enzymes for the conversion of (C_n+2)-2,3-Dehydroxyacyl-CoA to (C_n+2)-Acyl-CoA (i.e., EC 1.3.1.8 and EC 1.3.1.38) in the reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway were not identified. These results could extend the understanding of low-temperature caproate production.